Immigration
Wave 1 Immigration
Wave 2 Immigration
What is German, Irish, and Chinese around 1840s to 1880s
What is Italian, Russian, Polish, and Japanese around 1880s to 1920s
Industrialization
What is the excessive amounts of wood, coal, steel, oil, and other natural resources that are used to create products increasing Factories and the workforce, Increase in the use of cheap unskilled immigrant labor
Industrial Union
What is an organization of common laborers and craftworkers in a particular industry; generally created to fight against the harsh working conditions, low wages, and long working hours
Chinese Exclusion Act
What is the ban of entry to all Chinese except for students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials, not repealed until 1943
Americans began to move, where to where
What is farms to cities
Push and Pull Factors
What are horrible economic conditions, no freedoms, poverty, and diseases
What are jobs, freedoms, vast land and new opportunity
Assembly Lines
Collective Bargaining
What are the negotiations of wages and other conditions for employees by the union members
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
What are railroad wages cut, workers went on strike, President sent militias, and over 100 dead. Damaged reputation of unions and weakened railroad unions
African Americans continued to suffer racial discrimination in the south, where did they move to
What is large northern cities and western settlements
Immigrant Jobs
What are Factory jobs such as iron, steel, oil, textile, food packaging, and many more
What are farmers, railroad workers, and skyscraper builders (Roughnecks)
Monopolies
What is the total control of an industry by one person; Standard Oil, American Tobacco, and Carnegie Steel
Popular Saying by Labor Unions
8 hours of work, 8 hours of sleep, and 8 hours of what we will
Haymarket Square Riot
What was the demand for 8hr workdays or strike by the AFL, police harassment ended in 4 dead, and a meeting was called. The police showed, a bomb went off, 6 officers and 67 injured, and 8 strikers charged with murder in an unjust trial.
Industrial Economy changed how
What are factories in cities grew due to assembly lines, cheap labor of immigration, and monopolies
Ethnic Enclave
What is a Ghetto or a small crowded neighborhoods with similar ethnicities where people are living in filth and terrible conditions
Laissez Faire effects
What is the Government not interfering in the Industry economy and led to the creation of monopolies
Knights of Labor
What is an unsuccessful labor union who accepted everyone, skilled and unskilled, and refused to use a strike to push their negotiations further
The Homestead Strike
What was Carnegie cut wages for the AAISW, strike was called, 300 strikebreakers showed up resulting in deaths, and PA National Guard shut down the strike. Union membership begins to decline
Decline of Labor Unions
What is the failure to properly use strikes and monopolies
Anti-Immigration
What is discrimination placed against Immigrants, generally in forms of violence, job & housing discrimination, Government laws such as Chinese Exclusion Act, and groups like the Immigrant Restriction League
Sherman AntiTrust Act
What is the Governmental prohibition of trusts, monopolies, and other restriction made on trade. Only partly influenced to take down major monopolies
American Federation of Labor
What is a successful labor union who only accepted skilled workers and used the strike often. They focused on wages, hours, and conditions.
Pullman Strike
What was a strike of thousands led by Eugene Debs after wages were cut but rent was high, stopped railroad transportation, state militias sent in, and strike was stopped. Start of government injunctions (restrictions) on strikes.
Population
What is increase in pop. of cities, increase due to immigration, and decrease of pop. on farms.