Impact on Natives
Name the three South Carolina Woodland Native American groups and their locations in South Carolina.
The three major groups were the Catawba in the Piedmont and north-central region, the Cherokee in the Upstate and Blue Ridge Mountains, and the Yemassee along the coastal plain and the Lowcountry (near Dr. C's home today).
What did the European countries want from the new world?
European countries wanted wealth, land, natural resources, and new markets. They also wanted to spread Christianity and increase their political power and influence.
What are the names of the 3 colonial regions, and what identifies each?
New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. New England had rocky soil, forests, fishing, and shipbuilding; the Middle Colonies had fertile farmland and diverse people; the Southern Colonies had a warm climate, plantations, and cash crops.
What system was created because of the success of cash crops such as rice and indigo in South Carolina?
A plantation system in which large farms produced cash crops for export. Because rice and indigo required extensive labor, planters increasingly relied on the forced labor of enslaved Africans.
Why did colonists lose confidence in the Lords Proprietors during the Yamasee War?
Colonists believed the Lords Proprietors did not provide enough protection or support during the Yamasee War from 1715-1717. The conflict disrupted trade and settlements, so many colonists wanted stronger and more direct support from the Crown.
How did Native American groups view land as compared to the Europeans?
The Native Americas saw the land as communal (something to be protected and shared), and the Europeans saw it as something to be owned and controlled.
Why did Europeans start colonies?
Europeans started colonies to claim land, obtain valuable resources, create profitable trade, spread Christianity, and increase national power. Colonies also provided places for people to settle and businesses to make money.
Each document helped establish rules for government in a colony. They showed that colonists would use written agreements or charters to organize govt., make laws, and determine how the colony would be governed.
How did wealthy landowners, or elites and plantocracies, affect society in the colonies?
Wealthy plantation owners controlled much of land, wealth, govt., and political power. This created a strict social hierarchy in which a small elite held influence while small farmers, indentured servants, enslaved people, and Native Americans had less power.
What are the "Three Sisters" crops, and why were they planted together?
Corn, bean, and squash. Corn provided a tall stalk for beans to climb, beans added nutrients to the soil, and squash spread across the ground to help retain moisture and prevent weeds (Dr. C. loves squash especially squash ravioli).
Why did early attempts at starting colonies fail? What happened at Jamestown in 1607?
Early colonists often failed because settlers faced disease, starvation, harsh weather, poor planning, conflicts with Native Americans, and a lack of useful skills. Jamestown, founded in 1607, struggled with disease and hunger, but it survived after improved leadership, trade, and the development of profitable tobacco farming.
What characteristics distinguish South Carolina as a Southern Colony?
What was the main purpose of the Navigation Acts?
The Navigation Acts designed to control trade and benefit England. They required certain goods to be carried on English ships and directed valuable colonial products through English markets.
What caused Native American populations to decrease during the Colonial Period?
European diseases such as Smallpox, measles, and influenza [Flu] caused many deaths because Native Americans had no immunity to these diseases (similiar to Covid-19 in 2020- many died that had no immunity). Dr. C. has had both Covid-19 and Influenza, but he gets the booster every year.
Who was the first European country to build colonies in the Americas? Why? What legacy do we have from this country today?
Spain was the first European country to establish large colonies in the Americas because it wanted wealth, land, and converts to Christianity. Spain's legacy includes Spanish language, Catholic traditions, place names, architecture, and cultural influences throughout the Americas.
Describe the triangular trade, including the conditions and the part on which Africans came over.
The triangular trade connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Manufactured goods were sent from Europe to Africa, enslaved Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas during the Middle Passage under cruel and deadly conditions, and American raw materials such as rice, indigo, sugar, and tobacco were sent to Europe. At this time people were starting to get sick from tobacco use.
What was the most important result of the Stono Rebellion for the enslaved people in South Carolina?
After the Stono Rebellion in 1739, South Carolina passed stricter slave codes. These laws limited the movement, assembly, education, and rights of enslaved people and increased the power of enslavers to control them.
What are 2 ways that European colonization changed the culture of the Eastern Woodland Tribes?
European colonization caused the loss of Native American land and forced many groups to move or change their traditional ways of life. Europeans also introduced Christianity, new tools and trade goods, firearms, livestock, and diseases that affected Native cultures and communities.
What was the lost colony, and what happened?
The lost colony was the English settlement on Roanoke Island, founded in the late 1580s. When the governor returned after several years, the settlers disappeard, the word "CROATOAN" was found, but the colonists' exact fate remains unknown.
What factors allowed each colonial region to be successful despite their differences?
Each region adapted to its geography and natural resources. New England developed ship building, fishing, and trade. the Middle Colonies produced grain and supported diverse businesses; and the Southern Colonies developed plantation agriculture using cash crops and enslaved labor.
Who are the Gullah, and what makes their culture unique?
The Gullah are descendants of enslaved Africans who lived primarily in the coastal Lowcountry and Sea Islands of South Carolina and Georgia. Their cultures preserves African influence in language, foodways, music, crafts, stories, and traditions; the Gullah language developed from English and several African languages.