Vocabulary of Power
This verb means conquering and acquiring new lands for an empire
What is Expand?
The 1453 military victory by Sultan Mehmed II that ended the Byzantine Empire
What is the Fall of Constantinople?
The absolute military ruler of feudal Japan who held real political power over the symbolic Emperor
Who is the Shogun?
Having to do with ocean travel, navies, and sea trade networks
What is Maritime?
Because the Ottomans controlled overland trade routes in 1453, European nations launched these ocean voyages
What is the Age of Exploration / Discovery?
This term describes locking in legal, administrative, and political control so an empire does not fall apart
What is Consolidate?
Self-governing non-Muslim religious communities in the Ottoman Empire that collected their own taxes and ran their own schools
What are Millets?
The 1588 decree that disarmed Japanese farmers and peasants to prevent armed rebellions
What is the Sword Hunt?
The Mughal Emperor who wrote a 1617 letter welcoming English merchants to trade freely
Who is Jahangir?
The arrival of Portuguese and Spanish ships in Japan led directly to the arrival of these religious figures
Who are Jesuit / Catholic Missionaries (Padres)?
An official, legally binding order or decree issued by a government ruler
What is an Edict?
The Ottoman system of taxing Christian families for young boys, who were converted to Islam and trained as elite soldiers
What is the Devshirme System?
The major highway relay system used by the Shogun to send official messages and monitor travel between provinces
What is the Tōkaidō Highway?
The 1635 Japanese law that closed borders, banned foreign travel, and outlawed Christianity
What is the Edict of 1635 (Closing of Japan)?
Because Tokugawa leaders feared Christian subversion and colonization, they enforced this foreign policy
What is Isolationism / Sakoku?
A geographic term for a chain or group of islands surrounded by water, such as Japan
What is an Archipelago?
The Mughal Emperor who consolidated power by abolishing the non-Muslim jizya tax and appointing Hindu leaders
Who is Akbar the Great?
The hostage and alternate attendance system that required Daimyo to live in Edo every other year
What is Sankin Kōtai?
The artificial island port in Nagasaki where Dutch traders were confined under Japanese isolationism
What is Dejima?
Because Akbar ended the jizya tax and integrated Hindu nobles, the early Mughal state achieved this condition
What is Political Stability / Unity?
The rigid political and social structure in Japan based on land ownership, military service, and strict social classes
What is Feudalism?
The elite Ottoman infantry unit formed from young men recruited through the Devshirme system
Who are the Janissaries?
The feudal leader who won the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 and established a 250-year dynasty
Who is Tokugawa Ieyasu?
The European country whose colonisation of the Philippines alarmed Japanese leaders regarding Catholic missionaries
What is Spain?
Because Aurangzeb re-imposed non-Muslim taxes and destroyed Hindu temples, this was the long-term effect on the Mughal Empire
What is Weakened Stability / Internal Conflict?