CIA and Fundamentals
This leg of the CIA Triad ensures that sensitive information is accessible only to authorized individuals
What is Confidentiality?
Passwords, PINs, and secret passphrases all fall into this specific authentication factor category.
What is Something You Know?
This one-way algorithm converts plain text into a fixed-length string for secure storage or transfer.
What is a hash?
This type of malicious software attaches itself to a host file and replicates across a system
What is a virus?
In a Linux terminal, this three-letter command displays your current working directory path.
What is pwd?
This pillar of the CIA Triad guarantees that data remains accurate, complete, and un-tampered with.
What is Integrity?
A physical token, mobile phone, or high school ID card represents this factor of authentication.
What is Something You Have?
Random data appended to a password before hashing ensures that identical passwords produce unique hash values.
What is a salt?
Unlike a virus, this standalone malware reproduces and travels across network systems without needing to attach to a host file.
What is a worm?
Running this Linux command creates a new, completely empty file in your active directory
What is touch?
This fundamental principle ensures that systems, services, and data are accessible to authorized users whenever needed.
What is availability?
Physical characteristics like fingerprints, retina scans, and facial recognition belong to this authentication factor.
What is Something You Are?
An automated attack that systematically tests every possible combination of characters to guess a password.
What is a Brute Force Attack?
Named after a mythical story, this malware masquerades as legitimate software while secretly hiding malicious code.
What is a Trojan?
This command line input navigates up one level in the file path to your parent directory.
What is cd ..?
It is the act of proving who you are so trust can be established between two parties.
What is Authentication?
Combining "something you know" with "something you have" creates this type of defense mechanism.
What is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)?
This technique attempts a single weak password across a large number of different user accounts to evade lockout limits.
What is Password Spraying?
Malicious code that blocks access to files or device usage until a financial ransom is paid.
Typing this word before a command in Linux displays the official manual and usage documentation for that utility.
What is man?
Issued by a trusted third party, this security credential authenticates a document or website to verify its true source.
What is a digital certificate?
This term refers to any authentication technique relying on unique biological traits.
What is Biometric Authentication?
A massive database of precomputed hash values used by attackers to crack passwords, requiring a separate table per algorithm.
A Trojan that installs a hidden backdoor, granting the attacker complete administrative control over the target PC.
What is a rootkit?
This process isolates a virtual machine from its host system to ensure system optimization and safety.
What is a Sandbox)?