Bonds & Reactions
What is reaction rate?
Measure of how quickly a chemical reaction takes place.
What are the two functions of the smooth E.R?
synthesize lipids and detoxify harmful substances.
What is third step of cellular respiration?
Kreb/citric acid cycle
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
monosaccharide
What is the octet rule?
Refers to the preferred amount of electrons in the outer shell. (8)
What kind of bonds are formed to hold DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
What are the three components of the cytoskeleton?
Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
What step does not require oxygen?
Glycolysis
What is glycogenolysis
Taking glycogen and breaking it down to glucose.
What are the two faces of the golgi apparatus and their function?
cis-face (receives proteins) and trans-face (shipping side via secretory vesicles)
Peptide bonds
What is the function of bound ribosomes?
synthesize proteins to export to PM or out of the cell.
What is NADH/FADH2
nucleic acids/electron carriers
What structures can proteins take during the secondary stage of folding?
alpha helix or beta pleated sheets
Why is the amount of mitochondria you have inherited from your mother?
During fertilization, the head of the sperm penetrates the egg while the neck portion (houses mitochondria) does not.
What is a anabolic reaction?
programmed cell death and incidental cell death due to injury/illness.
What is the complex formed in the intermediate stage that is a 2 carbon sugar and a coenzyme.
Acetyl CoA
What is an example of a lipid in the plasma membrane
cholesterol (glycolipids is also acceptable)
What are the folds in the mitochondria called and what do they do?
cristae, increase surface area
results in a net loss of reactants and net gain of products (A+B = AB)
Name all 5 types of membrane proteins
transport, receptor, enzymes, linkers, and cell-identity markers
What is the source of potential energy in the electron transport chain?
Hydrogen concentration gradient formed in the inner membrane.
What are pseudopodia?
"false" legs of cell that invaginate (pull in) a particle (endocytosis).