Democratic Ideals
John Locke wrote that these rights include "life, liberty, and property" and that all people are born equal
What are Natural Rights?
This foundational document created at the Second Continental Congress is the framework to which American democracy was founded in 1776
What is Congress?
The role of the national government vs. state governments has changed over time based on Supreme Court decision making, especially in this 1990 landmark Texas case
What is US vs. Lopez?
The first 10 amendments to the constitution are called this
What is the Bill of Rights?
In this type of government, citizens elect representatives who are responsible for carrying out laws
What is republicanism?
Unable to raise a federal army, enforce laws, or tax its citizens directly, this document was widely criticized, especially after the 1786 mob fight known as Shay’s Rebellion
What are The Articles of Confederation?
This 18th century Enlightenment philosopher coined the term "separation of powers" as a model that divides the government into separate branches, each of which has separate and independent powers.
Who is Baron Montesquieu?
This 1819 unanimous decision involved the power of Congress to charter a bank and defined the scope of US congress’s legislative power, especially over the power of state legislatures
What is McCulloch v Maryland?
This amendment limited the terms of the president to two
What is the 22nd Amendment?
The Declaration of Independence provides the foundation for this principle, in which the authority of the state is created and sustained by the consent of the people
What is popular sovereignty?
This compromise, named for the New England state it hailed from, constitutionally provided for a bicameral federal legislature that used a dual system of representation
These two parts of the legislative branch are able to impeach the president, with the first bringing forth the charges and the second serving as the jury to determine guilt or innocence (answer must be in the same order as the question)
What is The House of Representatives, The Senate?
In the case of McCulloch v Maryland, this type of power was upheld to Congress as having the authority to “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution”
What is implied power?
These two amendments prohibited alcohol and then legalized it, respectively
What are the 18th and 21st amendments?
In this principle, individuals give up certain rights in return for collective security within the larger community
What is a social contract?
This foundational document written under a Greek pen name contrasts Federalist #10, expressing concern over the powerlessness of the states under the new Constitution
What is Brutus 1?
The McCarthy Hearings, the Watergate Scandal, and the Iran-Contra affair are all senate investigations which are considered this type of "power", not specifically listed in the Constitution
What is "implied power" ?
This constitutional clause was used as rationale in US v Lopez to decide whether or not Congress had exceeded its authority in creating the Gun Free School Zone Act of 1990
What is the commerce clause?
These 3 amendments were enacted during the Civil War era
What are the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments?
This specific type of democracy is present in the US, in which people directly vote on laws and have a broad participation in politics
What is participatory democracy?
Father of The Constitution, James Madison penned this 1788 paper titled: “The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments”
What is Federalist 51?
This type of Federalism is often referred to as a 'marble cake', meaning that the local, state, and national governments do not act in separate spheres, but instead have interrelated policy goals and administrative duties.
What is cooperative Federalism (as opposed to Dual Federalism or layered cake)
Article 1, Section 8 of the US Constitution contains this important clause which was interpreted in the resolution for the McCulloch v Maryland case, giving a more broad use of powers to the federal government
What is the necessary and proper/elastic clause?
Though ratified in different centuries, these 2 amendments are both tax-focused; one allowing the government to collect income taxes, and the other eliminating poll taxes
What are the 16th and 24th amendments?