Chemistry of Water
True or False: Water is polar and has a neutral overall charge
True
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino Acid
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
Nucleotide
Triglycerols or Triglycerides go through this process three times
Dehydration Synthesis
The ending of most carbohydrates
-ose
What is the partial charge of oxygen and hydrogen in water?
Oxygen has a partial negative charge
Hydrogen has a partial positive charge
What process links amino acids together?
What is that bond called?
Dehydration Synthesis
Peptide bond
How many rings within a purine?
How many rings within a pyrimidine?
1
A fatty acid links with this to form a lipid
Glycerol
The monomer of a carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
What is the bond within water molecules?
What is the bond between water molecules?
Polar Covalent Bonds
Hydrogen Bond
List and describe the levels of protein structure
Primary: Amino acid sequence
Secondary: Beta Sheets and Alpha helix held together via H bonds
Tertiary: 3D structure and folding caused by interacting R groups
Quaternary: Multiple 3D subunits combining together
What binds with Cytosine in DNA and RNA?
How many hydrogen bonds form between them?
Guanine
3
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated: Only carbon to carbon single bonds
Unsaturated: Has at least 1 carbon to carbon double bond
What is the name of a bond between carbohydrates?
Glyosidic Linkage
Name 3 different properties of water
High heat of vaporization, neutral pH, solid state is less dense than the liquid state, High specific heat, Cohesion, Adhesion, Capillary Action
Name the 2 distinct functional groups in an amino acid?
What is the polymer of a protein called?
Carboxyl and Amino group
Polypeptide
Name the 2 parts that make up the backbone of a nucleic acid
5 carbon sugar and phosphate group
True or False: The head group of a phospholipid is nonpolar and a tail group of a phospholipid is polar
False
What process breaks carbohydrate bonds?
Hydrolysis
Explain cohesion, adhesion, and capillary action?
Cohesion = water sticking to itself
Adhesion = water sticking to other objects
Capillary Action = water traveling through a narrow passage
Uses cohesion and adhesion
Explain why an amino acid is a zwitterion
It has separate positive and negative charged groups within the same molecule
What sugar is in the backbone of DNA and RNA?
Deoxyribose and Ribose
Why is a phospholipid amphipathic?
It has a hydrophobic and hydrophilic part within the same molecule
Name 5 examples of a carbohydrates that end in -ose
Glucose, Galactose, Fructose, Sucrose, Sucralose, Lactose, Maltose, Dextrose