Blood
A red blood cell
Erythrocyte
The layer of the heart wall that consists of cardiac muscle cells and the heart’s fibrous skeleton
Myocardium
Vessels that go to the heart--in the systemic circulation, they carry deoxygenated blood from systemic capillaries
Veins
Substance recognized as foreign that triggers an immune response
Antigen
Movement of air into and out of the lungs
Hint: Two words, the first meaning "related to the lungs"
Pulmonary Ventilation
When blood is spun down in a centrifuge, the portion of the blood in the red layer made up of erythrocytes
hint: first part of word is shared with the word hemoglobin
Hematocrit
The first wave on an ECG; represents the depolarization of the atria
P wave
The middle layer of a blood vessel’s wall that consists largely of smooth muscle
Tunica media
Any immune cell that "ingests" foreign particles--ex. dendritic cells and neutrophils
Phagocyte
Chemical produced by type II alveolar cells that disrupts hydrogen bonds between water molecules and thus reduces surface tension
Surfactant
This protein can carry up to four molecules of oxygen or carbon dioxide gas
Hemoglobin
A cell that depolarizes spontaneously and triggers action potentials in neighboring cells
Pacemaker Cells
Two connected areas with different gas, hydrostatic, or osmotic pressures
Pressure Gradient
Category of proteins (ex. interleukins & interferons) that enhance immune response
Hint: Name means they are proteins that cause "cell" "movement"
Cytokines
The pressure exerted by the air within the lungs
Intrapulmonary Pressure
The process of differentiation and formation of all of blood's "Formed Elements," which include blood cells and platelets
Hematopoiesis
A condition in which there is no electrical activity in the heart, resulting in a flattened line on the ECG
Asystole
Capillaries whose cells have windows or holes to allow large volumes of fluids and solutes to be exchanged
Fenestrated Capillaries
Only class of immunoglobulin antibody that can cross the placenta
IgG
Abnormal breathing
Dyspnea
The process by which a blood clot is degraded
Hint: What is another word for a blood clot? What is the word for breaking something apart, such as in a lysosome?
Thrombolysis
The first heart sound auscultated during the cardiac cycle; caused by the closing of the atrioventricular valves.
S1 ("lub")
Small blood vessels that supply the cells in the walls of large blood vessels with oxygenated blood
Vasa vasora
Immune cells that process and display antigen fragments on their class II major histocompatibility molecules to activate other immune cells such as helper T cells
Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) or Dendritic Cells
The major buffer system in the blood; consists of the weak acid carbonic acid and its conjugate base, the bicarbonate ion