Geography & Civilizations
What large sea helped Rome trade with other places?
The Mediterranean Sea
What religion was the main faith in medieval Europe?
Christianity
What was exchanged in the feudal system?
Land for loyalty or protection
What do people exchange when they trade?
Goods and ideas
What happened when the Roman Empire fell?
Life became unsafe and disorganized.
What did Romans build to connect their empire?
Roads
Who gave people guidance and leadership after Rome fell?
The Catholic Church
Who lived and worked on the lord’s land?
Peasants or serfs
What is it called when cultures share ideas and customs?
Cultural diffusion
What group helped keep learning and order alive after Rome’s fall?
The Church
Why was farming hard in Arabia?
Most of the land was desert.
How did kings show their power came from God?
They claimed “divine right.”
Why did feudalism develop in Europe?
People needed safety and structure after Rome’s fall.
How did trade help towns grow in medieval Europe?
It created jobs and brought new goods and wealth.
Why did people turn to local lords for help?
Lords could offer protection from invasions.
Why was Mecca an important city for trade?
It was located on major caravan routes.
How did religion help rulers keep control of their people?
It encouraged loyalty and obedience.
How did the Crusades change Europe’s trade?
They increased trade and contact with the Middle East.
What did Europeans learn through trade with the Islamic world?New technologies, science, and ideas.
New technologies, science, and ideas.
What new systems replaced the Roman government?
Feudalism and the Church’s authority
How did geography help Rome and Arabia grow in different ways?
Rome expanded by conquest, Arabia grew through trade.
What was a similarity between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches?
Both mixed religion with government to keep order.
How did the Crusades affect who had power in Europe?
Kings gained power while nobles lost influence.
Why was trade important for connecting different regions?
It spread religion, culture, and economic growth.
How did trade and religion help Europe rebuild after Rome?
They created connections and brought stability and growth.