DNA Structure
DNA is composed of repeating monomers called __________________
Nucleotides
Name two differences between RNA and DNA
Number of strands
Type of sugar in nucleotides
Thymine vs. Uracil
What is the term for the 3 nitrogen base segments that ribosomes read in?
Codons
What is the name for mutations caused by inserting or deleting nucleotides?
Frameshift
Nucleotides are composed of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a __________________
Phosphate
Where is DNA stored in a cell?
Nucleus
What is the first codon read by a ribosome?
AUG
What is the name for a mutation caused by changing one nucleotide for another?
Point mutation
Within a DNA molecule, which nitrogen bases pair together
Adenine with thymine and Guanine with Cytosine.
What nitrogen bases are found within RNA
Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
What is the protein produced by this DNA sequence?
TAC ACC GCG ATT
Met - Trp - Arg
Original DNA : TAC GCT TTT ACT
Mutated DNA: TAC ACT TTT ACT
What type of point mutation has occurred?
Nonsense
DNA is oriented so that both of its strands are in opposite directions. What is the term for this?
Anti-Parallel
What organelle produces proteins, and where is it?
Ribosomes.
Outside the nucleus (cytoplasm)
What does a ribosome do when it reaches a stop codon?
It stops translation
Original DNA : TAC GCT TTT ACT
Mutated DNA: TAC GCT TAT ACT
What type of point mutation has occurred?
Missense
A DNA molecule is measured for its percentage of nitrogen bases. 30% of the bases are adenine. 20% are guanine. What is the percentage of Thymine?
30%
Transcribe the DNA into RNA
TAC ACC GCG ATT
AUG UGG CGC UAA
What protein should be produced from this DNA Sequence?
GCGATACGAGAAAACTGC
Met-Leu-Phe
Original DNA : TAC GCT TTT ACT
Mutated DNA: TAC GCC TTT ACT
What type of point mutation has occurred?
Silent