Water you doing later?
When two different molecules hydrogen bond it is called...?
Adhesion
The polymer of amino acids are...?
Proteins
Which side of an amino acid has a higher electronegativity?
The carboxyl side
Which Nucleotide Polymer is Cytosine held?
Both DNA and RNA
Why is carbon in most life?
Simple molecule which can form complex structures for storage of energy
Glucose, Galactose and Fructose are all chemically the same, yet serve different functions altogether.
In general what differentiates each and why?
The structure of each confirmation determines the functionality of each sugar molecule. (ie. structure determines function)
Beta-pleated sheets are in what level of organization?
Secondary
Is Guanine and Adenine a pyrimadine or a purine?
Purine
Which macromolecules have carbon present?
All of them...
What biological macromolecule is considered to not have "true" monomers and why?
Lipids do not have true monomers because they are a composition of long carbon chains which in and of themselves are a polymer
Directionality lies where the carboxyl (COOH) is and attached onto the "OH" Oxygen
How is directionality involved within DNA?
DNA is antiparallel running 5' to 3' direction due to the carboxyl group on the 3' carbon
Monosaccarides form Polysaccharides
How does electronegativity drive H-bonding?
H-bonding arrises when a hydrogen bond is sandwiched between two highly electronegative molecules who both "want" the hydrogen because of its need for an electron which is contained in a Hydrogen atom
What are the components of a Nucleotide?
Sugar, Phosphate backbone with a Nitrogenous base
How is a peptide bond formed and what kind of bond is it?
Peptide bonds are formed from dehydration synthesis and creates a covalent bond
What bonds are involved within DNA?
Nitrogen bases are held together via H-bonding
Sugar-Phosphate Backbone is held covalently via phosphodiester linkages
How is directionality involved in the formation of carbon chains?
1' Carbon OH orientation determines a-fold or b-folds which influence overall structure of the carbon chain
Explain the concept of Ice Floats and its benefit to the ecosystem
Ice floats is caused by the expansion of hydrogen bonds in water at freezing temperatures which creates a less dense structure allowing organisms to live and survive underwater without being frozen over
Phosphates are found in which macromolecules and what benefit do each of them provide for each?
Nucleotide > Backbone
Protein > R-group folding
Lipid > Phospholipid Bilayer
What are the levels of organization within a protein and in what order?
Primary (Sequence) > Secondary (Local Folding) > Tertiary (3-dimensional shape) > Quaternary (culmination of multiple polypeptide chains)
What are the structural differences within DNA and RNA?
Strandedness > (Double vs. Single)
Base > (Thymine vs. Uracil)
Understanding the nature of the conservation of energy then the energy used to form a bond stays in the bond and therefore the more carbon bonds the more energy that can be released when that long carbon chain is broken.