Messing Around & Writing it Down
Information gathered directly using the five senses or scientific measuring tools without making assumptions or personal guesses.
What is an observation?
The fundamental building block of structure and function in all living organisms.
What is a cell?
The primary chemical energy molecule synthesized during cellular respiration that powers all cellular life processes.
What is ATP?
The body's ability to maintain a controlled, dynamic equilibrium in its internal environment despite changes in surrounding external conditions.
What is homeostasis?
The passive diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration.
What is osmosis?
A testable prediction about the outcome of an experiment, often structured as an "If... then... because..." statement.
What is a hypothesis?
The basic tissue type in the human body specialized for contraction, enabling voluntary and involuntary movement.
What is muscle tissue?
The two essential chemical reactants needed by living cells to carry out aerobic cellular respiration.
What are glucose and oxygen?
A control mechanism where the response counteracts or opposes the initial stimulus to return internal conditions back to a normal set point.
What is a negative feedback loop?
The primary excretory organ responsible for filtering blood, removing metabolic waste like urea, and regulating water and salt balance.
What is the kidney?
The specific variable that the researcher intentionally manipulates or tests during an experiment, plotted on the x-axis of a graph.
What is the independent variable?
The membrane-bound organelle inside eukaryotic cells that converts glucose energy into ATP.
What is the mitochondria?
The first stage of cellular respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm, requires no oxygen, and breaks down glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules yielding 2 ATP.
What is glycolysis?
The region of the brain that serves as the body's thermostat, sensing core temperature and signaling sweat glands or muscle shivering responses.
What is the hypothalamus?
An external solution containing a higher solute concentration than the inside of a cell, causing water to diffuse out and the cell to shrivel.
What is a hypertonic solution?
The baseline comparison group in a controlled experiment that does not receive the independent variable treatment.
What is the control group?
The complete sequence of biological hierarchy from simplest to most complex: organelle --> cell --> tissue --> organ --> organ system --> ____.
What is an organism?
The anaerobic metabolic process utilized by human muscle cells during intense exertion when oxygen is scarce, generating a small amount of ATP.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
The hormone secreted by the pancreas after eating a meal that signals cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream, lowering blood sugar.
What is insulin?
The dangerous medical condition suffered by Runner #0358, caused by drinking excessive water which diluted her blood plasma sodium down to 130 mEq/L and caused her brain cells to swell.
What is hyponatremia?
Numerical measurement data collected during an experiment, such as a runner's plasma sodium level of 130 mEq/L, that can be objectively analyzed mathematically.
What is quantitative data?
The two body systems that interact during exercise to absorb oxygen from the lungs and transport it through blood vessels to working muscle tissues.
What are the respiratory system and circulatory system?
The final stage of aerobic respiration located in the inner mitochondrial membrane where a proton gradient drives ATP synthase to produce approximately 30 ATP molecules.
What is the electron transport chain (ETC)?
This type of regulatory loop amplifies or accelerates a physiological response further away from baseline until a specific biological event is finished.
What is a positive feedback loop?
Specialized paired plant structures surrounding each leaf stoma that swell with water to open pores for gas exchange or shrink to prevent dehydration.