Classifying Matter
What are the three main states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What subatomic particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
Define density and how it is calculated.
How much matter an object has in its given space. It is calculated by dividing mass by volume
Define a chemical change and provide an example.
A chemical change is when matter becomes a different type of matter during a chemical reaction. Examples include wood burning, sodium exploding in water, iron rusting, silver tarnishing, etc.
How are elements arranged on the periodic table in terms of mass?
Lightest to heaviest
What is the basic unit of matter?
Atoms
Define atomic number and atomic mass number.
Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom, and the atomic mass number is how heavy the atom is (protons plus neutrons)
Give an example of a physical change.
Ice melting, glass shattering, salt dissolving in water, etc.
What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?
Matter can neither be created nor destroyed, it just changes form
What is the group on the far right of the Periodic Table called? (The group containing Neon, Argon, etc.)
Noble Gases
Classify the following as an element, compound, or mixture: Water H2O.
Compound
Explain what isotopes are and provide an example.
Isotopes are atoms with different numbers of neutrons than normal. Examples could include C-13, C-14, U-238, etc.
An object is shiny, malleable (moldable/bendy), conducts electricity, and heats up and cools off quickly. Is this object most likely a metal or nonmetal?
Metal
Explain why iron rusting is considered a chemical change.
A chemical reaction occurs and the iron becomes iron oxide (new material formed)
Potassium has an atomic number of 19 and an atomic mass of 39.098. Based on this information, how many neutrons does the normal Potassium atom have?
20
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
A compound is the same type of molecule throughout, while a mixture has multiple different types of molecules
How many electrons can the first energy level of an atom hold?
Two (which is why the first row on the Periodic Table only has two elements: H and He)
Explain how the physical properties of matter differ from its chemical properties.
Physical properties are things that can change without changing the matter itself. Chemical properties are things that can change that would turn the matter into something else entirely
Explain the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Exothermic reactions release heat (heat EXits) and endothermic reactions absorb heat (heat goes iN)
Explain what happens to atomic size as you move to the right across a period on the periodic table.
The atomic size increases
Is air a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture?
Homogeneous
Describe the difference between an element and a compound at the atomic level.
An element is made of the same type of atom bonded together (O2), and a molecule is multiple types of atoms chemically bonded together (CO2)
How does temperature affect the volume of a gas at constant pressure?
Higher temperature means higher pressure
What is one way to tell if a chemical reaction has occurred?
Burning or explosion, precipitate formed, color change, gas created, etc.
What does the atomic number of an element represent on the periodic table?
The number of protons the element has