Unit 1 Molecules of Life

Life and DNA

100

Describe primordial soup

A combination of different macromolecules and elements that create the building blocks of life

200

List the pyrimidines 

Cytosine, thymine and uracil 

300

What is essential for life?

Movement and replication

400

What is the difference between DNA and RNA (be as specific as possible)

-Deoxygenated second carbon

-RNA: A, C, G, U   DNA: A, C, G, T

500

List the main elements in the main body and their percentages

Hydrogen - 63%

Oxygen - 25.5%

Carbon - 9.5%

Nitrogen - 1.4%

Periodic Table

100

What does atomic number tell you?

The amount of protons in an element

200

What is the name of the elements in the first group? (1A)

Alkali metals 

300

What type of element forms cations? What type forms anions?

Metals form cations, nonmetals form anions

400

List the metalloids

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po 

500

Nitrogen has two stable isotopes: Nitrogen-14, which takes up 99.6% of naturally occurring nitrogen, and Nitrogren-15, which takes up 0.4% of naturally occurring nitrogen. The AMU of these isotopes is 14.003074 and 15.000109 respectively

Calculate the atomic weight of nitrogen 

14.0070621

or

14.01

Electron Configuration

100

How many electrons can fit into a p ordibital?

6

200

What orbitals can fit on the third energy level?

s + p + d

300

Which element is this:

1s²2s²2p⁴

Oxygen

400

What is the electron configuration of phosphorus

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p³

or

[Ne]3s²3p³

500

Complete a spin pairing box for Chlorine 

N/A

Ionic Bonds

100

Name a cation

Na, Li, Ca, Be, K, Mg, etc. 

200

What is the charge of an oxide ion?

-2

300

Name this polyatomic ion: NO₃^-

Nitrate

400

Complete this equation:

        ???

M  ->  Mg^?

???      ????

              - 2 electrons

Mg        ->        Mg⁺²

[Ne]3s²             [Ne]

500

Make and name a compound with one element from the 2A column and one element from the 5A column 

Mg₃As₂ - magnesium arsenic

Ca₃N₂ - calcium nitride 

Be₃P₂ - beryllium phosphide

Solubility

100

Define solute, solvent and solution

Solute - A substance that is dissolved in a solution

Solvent - A substance (usually liquid) that dissolves other materials to for a solution

Solution - A mixture of solute(s) dissolved in a solvent

200

What is an electrolyte, and what makes it weak or strong?

Electrolyte - any ionic substance that can be dissolved in water 

Weak - <95% dissociation 

Strong - >95% dissociation 

300

List some of the major ions in the body 

Na+, K+, Ca2+, Zn2+, etc. 

400

What elements or compounds consistently make an ionic solid soluble?

Hint: 2 elements and 3 compounds

Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, nitrates (NO₃^-), acetates (CH₃COO^-)

500

Most chlorides and sulfates are soluble, name the 3 exceptions to this rule 

AgCl, BaSO₄, PbSO₄