Categories of Drugs
a drug that reduces neural activity and slows body functions
Depressants
Drugs that alter the mind and behavior
Psychoactive drugs
rapid eye movement sleep; starts out small, then gets longer as night progresses; sleep stage in which vivid dreams occur; paradoxical sleep; body does not move
REM Sleep
sleep disorder characterized by problems in falling asleep or staying asleep
Insomnia
An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
a drug that increases neural activity and speeds up body functions
Stimulant
the discomfort and distress that follows discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
Withdrawal
While doing a sleep study, Mary's EEG shows sleep spindles. What stage of sleep is Mary in?
Stage 2 (NREM2)
Sleepers who suddenly stop breathing suffer from:
Sleep Apnea
Theory that dreams are used to sort through the day's experiences and store in memory
Consolidation Theory
psychedelic, distort perceptions and gives sensory images without sensory input
When repeated use of a drug is associated with diminishing effects of that drug, we say that ______________ is occurring
Tolerance
Drake sometimes walks around while sleeping. His friend Matty told him this means he's acting out his dreams. His other friend Jack told him it means he's in Stage 3 sleep. Which of his boys is right?
Jack
the biological clock; bodily rhythms that occur in 24 hour cycle (ex. sleep-wake cycle; body temp rises during day, peaks at noon, decreases at night)
Circadian Rhythm
Which theory argues that dreams have no special meaning?
Activation Synthesis Theory
Kelly underwent surgery to remove a cancerous tumor from her breast. Afterwards, her doctor prescribed medication. Following the end of her prescription, Kelly routinely seeks out and goes to great lengths to get the drug which relieves pain, induces euphoria and creates mood changes. What type of drug is it?
Opioids
Name two examples of a behavior addiction.
Gambling
Internet gaming
Overeating
In this sleep stage, a person will experience the hypnagogic state: hallucinations, feels like your falling,hypnic jerks
NREM1
Name three effects of sleep deprivation or poor sleep.
inability to focus, high blood pressure, headaches
MANY MORE!
Why is REM sometimes called paradoxical sleep?
because despite high levels of physiological arousal and brain activity during REM, a sleeper looks peaceful with little if any physical movement
Cocaine prohibits the reabsorption of dopamine and serotonin from the synapse. Thus, it is a ______.
Reuptake Inhibitor
When a drug molecule binds to a receptor site but does not activate it, it has a(n) _________________ effect.
Antagonistic
Name the stage of sleep associated with each brain wave:
Theta
Alpha
Beta
Delta
Alpha = NREM1
Theta = NREM2
Delta = NREM3
Beta = REM
How do electronic devices negatively impact sleep?
They emit blue light that suppresses the production of melatonin (a sleep-inducing hormone)
What are the two methods of cognition under the dual processing model?
One system deliberately learns things with focus.
The other learns things automatically with little effort.