Biases
A student says, “I knew it all along!” after finding out the test answer. Which bias is this?
Hindsight Bias
A detailed examination of one individual or a small group is called a…
Case Study
The group that receives the treatment in an experiment.
Experimental Group
The average of a data set is called the…
Mean
The APA requires that participants are not subjected to this, either physically or psychologically.
Harm
A researcher only notices evidence that supports their hypothesis and ignores contrary evidence. Which bias?
Confirmation Bias
Which research method involves watching subjects in their natural environment without interfering?
Naturalistic Observation
The group that does not receive the treatment and is used for comparison.
Control Group
A common mistake in psychology is assuming that correlation means…
Causation
Participants must be told enough about a study to decide if they want to participate. What is this called?
Informed Consent
Believing you’ll score higher on a test than you actually do is an example of which bias?
Overconfidence Bias
Combining data from many studies on the same topic into one large analysis is called…
Meta-Analysis
When neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the treatment, this is called a…
Double-Blind Study
A visual graph that plots the relationship between two variables is called a…
Scatter Plot
After a study, participants must be told the true purpose and results of the research. What is this called?
Debriefing
When people answer surveys in a way that makes them look good instead of being honest, what type of bias is this?
Social Desirability Bias
Which method is best for examining cause and effect?
Experiment
A fake treatment given to control for participant expectations is called a...
Placebo
The correlation coefficient ranges from ___ to ___, with values closer to these extremes showing stronger relationships.
-1.0 to +1.0
Sometimes researchers may mislead participants about the true nature of a study. This is called…
Deception
A type of bias that occurs when the people chosen for a study do not accurately represent the larger population.
Sampling Bias
When participants underreport socially preferable behavior on a survey, what kind of bias does this demonstrate?
Self-Report Bias or Social Desirability Bias
Define the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable.
Independent variable = manipulated factor ("I choose this, I know how it will differ going into the experiment")
Dependent variable = measured outcome, the Data you are collecting. You don't know this going into an experiment - this is what you're trying to find out!
A measure of how likely results occurred by chance.
Statistical Significance
The committee that reviews psychological studies to ensure ethical standards are met.
Institutional Review Board / IRB