Theories, Laws, Hypotheses
What is a scientific law?
A broad concept or principle that describes HOW something happens
What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative observations?
A quantitative observation uses numbers to measure something.
A qualitative observation describes qualities.
What is the proper way to taste something in the lab?
DO NOT
What is an organism?
Any living thing
How many cells do unicellular organisms have?
One!
What is a scientific theory?
An explanation of observed phenomenon that explains WHY something happens.
What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
An independent variable is what the experimenter changes. (Cause)
A dependent variable is what the experimenter measures. (Effect)
What should you do if you break glassware in the lab?
Tell your teacher right away
Fill in the blanks:
1. All organisms are made of _________
2. All organisms contain similar ______ and use __________
3. All organisms _________ to their surroundings
4. All organisms _______, _________, and reproduce.
1. Cells
2. Chemicals, energy
3. Respond
4. Grow, develop
What is the most common chemical in cells?
Water
What is the difference between a fact and an opinion?
A fact is an objective, verifiable observation.
An opinion is subjective and not verifiable.
What are the two lists you need in order to explain your experiment?
Materials and procedures
What is the proper way to smell a substance in the lab?
Waft it
What are 2 needs of all living things?
Water, food, space, homeostasis
What happens if a living thing loses its living space?
It has to find a new one or dies.
What is the format for a hypothesis?
If (independent variable), then (dependent variable).
What is are the independent and dependent variables in the following situation?
"Joseph wants to know what brand of shoes makes athletes run faster. To test this, he gives three groups of athletes Nikes, On Clouds, and Brooks. He then has each group run 3.1 miles and records their time."
IV= Kind of shoes (Nikes, On Clouds, Brooks)
DV= Pace, how fast they run 3.1 miles
What do you do if chemicals catch on fire in the lab?
- Fire blanket
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of stable internal conditions
Lucy says that she can dream-walk and travel to other places on Earth when she is sleeping.
Is this science?
No. We can not prove or disprove this claim, so it is not scientific.
What is the difference between a law and a theory?
A law is accepted as fact. It describes how something happens.
Theories never become facts. They explain why something happens.
What are the experimental and control groups in the following example? What is the constant?
"Alyssa wants to see if food dye can actually change the color of a flower petal. To test this, she gathers two groups of roses from the same bush. She puts one group in regular water and the other group in water with the food dye. She checks the color of the flowers each day."
Experimental: Flowers getting dyed water
Control: Flowers in plain water
Constant: Flowers are from the same bush
What should you be wearing in the lab?
Closed toed shoes, long pants, shirt with sleeves, lab coat, lab goggles
What are the 3 components of Cell Theory?
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life.
3. Cells come from other living cells.
How did Redi and Pasteur's experiments show that spontaneous generation was a myth?
They showed that living cells have to have some kind of entry to point to an environment for more cells to appear.