Europe Pre-1450
Italian Renaissance
Northern Renaissance
Luther & Reformation
Spread of Reformation
Art, Culture, and Catholic Reformation
100
It is estimated that 1/3 of the population died from this in the mid-1300s
What is the Black Death
100
This Italian city-state is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance.
What is Florence
100
This invention contributed widely to the spread of Renaissance ideas to all areas of Europe
What is the printing press
100
Martin Luther's criticized the Catholic church practice of selling indulgences. What did the church promised in return for purchasing an indulgence?
What is reduced time in purgatory
100
Followers of John Calvin differ from followers of Luther in that they believe in________
What is predestination (God has already chosen who will go to heaven/hell)
100
The Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformation with the Council of Trent. What was one of the decisions made at this meeting?
Confirm Catholic teachings, end indulgences, educate priests.
200
This medieval social system in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord's land and give them labor
What is feudalism
200
This wealthy Italian family started a bank and paid for many of the early pieces of Renaissance art.
What is the MeDicis
200
This man is considered the father of "Christian Humanism" with his translations of Christian texts to the local languages and his call for Christians to live more like Jesus had.
Who is Erasmus
200
Which Catholic Pope excommunicated Martin Luther after his refusal to recant at the Diet of Worms?
Who is Pope Leo X
200
Ulrich Zwingli who was a friend of Martin Luther's differed from him on one major issue. What was it and what were his followers called?
What is Baptism and the Anabaptists and Calvinists
200
Why would the School of Athens by Raphael be considered a Renaissance painting?
Subject matter is secular (classical subjects) and the symmetrical balance and linear perspective of the painting.
300
During the Babylonian Captivity the head of the Roman Catholic Church (the Pope) lived in this city
what is Avignon, France
300
Who was known as the “first man of the letters” and as the father of Humanism
Who is Petrarch
300
This northern Renaissance humanist wrote the book Utopia in which he depicted a society based on tolerance and equality for all.
Who is Thomas More
300
How were Lutherans finally accepted as a legitimate Christian faith in the Holy Roman Empire?
Through the Peace of Augsburg
300
What was the initial cause of the English Reformation in 1534?
King Henry VIII's desire for a divorce granted by the pope to seek a legitimate male heir for his Tudor royal family line.
300
How did the Catholic Church use art such as The Crucifixion of Saint Peter by Caravaggio (1600) to respond to the Protestant Reformation?
What is the use of Baroque Art to stir the emotion of the masses while depicting religious themes and ideals.
400
When the Christian church split in 1054 CE this city became the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church
What is Constantinople
400
This Italian Humanist and early political theorist argued that a wise ruler does whatever he has to do to stay in power
Who is Machiavelli
400
Many Christian Humanists of the Northern Renaissance had been influenced by these two early critics of the Catholic Church's teachings in the 1300s. (name 1)
Who is John Wycliffe or Jan Hus
400
Why did Luther NOT support the German peasant revolts from 1624-1625?
He did not desire social change only religious reform
400
What political motivation did King Henry VIII have for his split with the Catholic Church?
To take over Church land/properties and not send money (tithes) to the Pope in Rome
400
Describe one detail of how a Protestant family living in Europe would have a different daily life compared to that of a Catholic family.
More days for work since Protestant calendars had fewer religious holidays. Women would be educated within Protestant families.
500
The Hundreds Years War was between these 2 countries and for this power
What is France and England, over the monarchy of France
500
Why was Spain considered an example of a "new monarch" style of government during the Renaissance
What is due to Ferdinand & Isabella's consolidation of Catholic power to get rid of Spanish Muslims and Jews (inquisition)
500
The Spanish grand inquisitor, Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros, enforced strict Catholic orthodoxy but did instill some Humanism with his development of this
What is the Polygot Bible (Hebrew, Greek, and Latin versions of the bible side-by-side)
500
Luther published the Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation in 1520. What was his motivation for this pamphlet?
To gain favor with German princes by showing them that they did not need to follow the Catholic church (or give $)
500
Even though John Calvin was French why did he not start his "City of God" in France? Where did he start his "city of God"
After the affair of the placards Protestants were targeted in the very Catholic France which forced him to flee to Geneva (Switzerland) for safety
500
The Wedding Dance painted by Pieter Bruegel in 1566 is a significant piece of Renaissance art because of this:
What is the focus on ordinary peasant life as opposed to classical subjects, mythological subjects, religions subjects, or monarchs. (Northern Renaissance)
600
The "War of the Roses" was a civil war between these two families for control of the English Monarchy
What is the Yorks and the Lancasters
600
Who was the Italian Renaissance Humanist who presented information to prove that the Catholic teaching of the "donation of Constantine" was fraudulent.
Who was Lorenzo Valla
600
This Northern Christian Humanist attempted to develop Jewish learning by translating Hebrew grammar. He was attacked and ridiculed by some other German Humanists who used German nationalism to be hostile to people of non-German cultures.
Who is Johann Reuchlin
600
Luther believed that two Catholic sacraments should be kept. What were they and why did he believe Lutherans should follow them?
Baptism and Eucharist (communion)
Baptism was necessary for all since many people did not live long enough to learn the faith. Communion was important to show that the bread and wine spiritually become the body of Christ. (consubstantiation)
600
Why would the Book of Common Prayer be listed on the Index of Prohibited Books?
The Book of Common Prayer was written by the Englishman Thomas Cranmer during the reign of Edward VI. Catholic teachings were denounced and Lutheran teachings were encouraged (Anglican church)
600
Peter Paul Rubens was commissioned by the Catholic Church to paint this in 1620. Who is the man featured?
Who is Ignatius of Loyola, the man is started the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)