Ch 2
A positively charged ion is called a?
Cation
What is the first step of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
What are the other steps? Which ones require oxygen?
The cell membrane is impermeable to what molecules?
Macromolecules & tiny charged molecules (large & charged)
The cell membrane is permeable to?
Small, uncharged molecules & water
What's the only cell in the human body with a flagellum?
Sperm
What's the flagellum do?
8 electrons in the valence shell will satisfy the?
Octet Rule
Which step of cellular respiration makes the most ATP?
The network of protein filaments in the cytosol is called the:
Cytoskeleton
Which consists of? (3)
Polar or charged substances move against their concentration gradient via:
Primary Active Transport. Does this require ATP?
In passive transport substances move ____ their concentration gradient. They include:
Down
-Simple diffusion
-Osmosis
-Facilitated diffusion
Which macromolecule does not have a monomer?
Lipids
What type of chemical reaction releases energy?
Exergonic
Will a hypotonic solution will cause water to leave or enter the cell?
Enter. Which is called?
What is responsible for creating microtubules and is comprised of 2 centrioles?
Centrosome
Which form of vesicular transport is known as "cell drinking" and does not involve receptor proteins or the formation of pseudopods?
Pinocytosis. How can we remember that pinocytosis means "cell drinking"?
A pH of 5 is considered?
Acidic
What type of chemical reaction breaks down molecules?
Catabolic
Which organelle synthesizes, processes & packages proteins for export to Golgi Apparatus
Rough ER
Now what that smooth ER do?
Which organelle packages proteins produced by rough ER?
Golgi Apparatus
Which organelle digests foreign substances and is responsible for autophagy (digestion of worn out organelles)
Lysosomes
How are peroxisomes different?
Name the 4 macromolecules
Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids
What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
When energy is transformed, some is always lost as heat
What's the first law?
Where does transcription occur?
Within the nucleus
Which organelle is shaped like a barrel and functions to break down unwanted/malformed proteins?
Proteasomes
Clinical application: if these don't work, what diseases could result?
How did Dr. Mullen say she remembers the direction of movement of sodium and potassium in the Na+/K+ Pump?
Bananas are good so they (2) go in, salt is bad so it goes out (3)