Early Middle Ages
This ruler helped spread Christianity across Europe.
Charlemagne
After Muhammad's death, these leaders spread Islam through conquest.
the first four caliphs
Byzantine Emperor Alexius I requested help because these people made travel to the Holy Land difficult.
Muslim Turks
The Black Death first began on this continent.
Asia
Loyalty owed by English nobles to the French king was one cause of this war.
Hundred Years' War
The feudal system was based on this relationship between vassals and their lord.
loyalty
Muslims are encouraged to make this journey to honor Muhammad's final trip.
the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)?
Unlike the First Crusade, most soldiers in this crusade traveled by water.
the Third Crusade
Medieval doctors wore these unusual masks filled with flowers and spices.
beaked masks
This weapon helped English soldiers defeat larger French armies.
longbow
This farming method increased food production by rotating crops among three fields.
three-field rotation
Muslim scholars developed this branch of mathematics.
algebra
Trade between Europe and the Muslim world increased because of this series of wars.
the Crusades
People believed the plague was spread by these.
bad smells
This teenage girl became a famous French military leader.
Joan of Arc
These people preserved books and learning during the Middle Ages.
Monks
Travelers crossing deserts often joined these groups for safety.
caravans
English barons forced King John to sign this document after he raised taxes.
the Magna Carta
Surviving serfs began demanding this in exchange for their labor.
payment (wages)
This English king promoted the use of English in official documents and literature.
Henry V
Name two things a lord of the manor had to provide for serfs.
protection and equipment
A common feature of Islamic art was the use of these designs.
geometric patterns
This principle made the Magna Carta important in English history.
the king must obey the law
The Crusades helped make this deadly disease spread more quickly.
Black Plague
Name one major result of the Hundred Years' War.