Atomic Theory and Structure
This positively charged subatomic particle is found inside the nucleus of an atom.
What is a proton?
These horizontal rows on the periodic table indicate the number of electron energy levels an atom possesses.
What are periods?
These specific electrons located in an atom's outermost energy level determine its chemical reactivity and bonding ability.
What are valence electrons?
This type of chemical bond forms when a metal atom transfers one or more electrons to a nonmetal atom.
What is an ionic bond?
This scale ranging from 0 to 14 measures how acidic or basic a water-based solution is.
What is the pH scale?
This neutral subatomic particle adds mass to the nucleus but carries no electrical charge.
What is a neutron?
These vertical columns contain elements that share similar chemical properties and reactive behaviors.
What are groups (or families)?
According to this chemistry rule, most main-group atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they have 8 valence electrons.
What is the Octet Rule?
This type of chemical bond forms when two nonmetal atoms share pairs of valence electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
A solution with a pH value of 3 tastes sour, turns blue litmus paper red, and is classified as this type of substance.
What is an acid?
Most of an atom's total mass is concentrated in this tiny, dense center region.
What is the nucleus?
Located in Group 18, this group of gaseous nonmetals is extremely unreactive because their outer electron shells are completely full.
What are the Noble Gases?
An electron dot diagram for a neutral Oxygen atom (Group 16) must display this total number of dots around its symbol.
What is six (6)?
In a covalent structural formula (such as H-O-H), each single line drawn between two atomic symbols represents this many shared electrons.
What is two (2) electrons (or 1 shared pair)?
Bases feel slippery to the touch, taste bitter, turn red litmus paper blue, and have pH values in this numeric range.
What is greater than 7 (pH 7.1 to 14)?
This fundamental number on the periodic table tells you the exact number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
What is the atomic number?
Group 1 elements are known by this family name and react violently with water because they have only 1 valence electron.
What are the Alkali Metals?
Neutral Nitrogen (Group 15) has 5 valence electrons. In its Lewis dot diagram, it will have this many paired dots and this many single dots
What is 1 pair (2 dots) and 3 single dots?
Predict the bond type formed between Calcium (a metal) and Chlorine (a nonmetal), and name the resulting chemical compound.
What is an ionic bond forming Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)?
When dissolved in water, acids release a high concentration of these positively charged ions (H+).
What are hydrogen ions (or hydronium ions)?
His gold foil experiment proved that an atom consists mostly of empty space with a small, positively charged nucleus at its center.
Who is Ernest Rutherford?
These elements border the zig-zag staircase line on the periodic table and exhibit physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals.
What are metalloids (or semimetals)?
A neutral atom in Period 3 has a Lewis dot diagram with 3 dots around its symbol. Identify this element.
What is Aluminum (Al)?
When dissolved in water, bases make this negatively charged ion.
Hydroxide Ion (OH-)