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This process connected the Americas with Europe, Africa, and Asia through transfers of plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
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This sixteenth-century movement with Martin Luther at its centre, challenged the primacy of the Catholic Church.
What is the Protestant Reformation?
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Many early Chesapeake labourers worked for a contracted number of years in exchange for transportation and sometimes provisions at the end of service. Name this system.
What is indentured servitude?
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Britain emerged victorious but heavily indebted from this global conflict, concluded in 1763.
What is the Seven Years' War?
Colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution were known by this name.
Loyalists
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This major Indigenous complex in what is today’s American southwest, featured roughly 500 rooms.
What is Pueblo Bonito?
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Puritans were capable of the Catholic church’s “Popery”.. Give one example of it.
Excessively ornate design of churches, paying to be relieved of sins (dispensations)
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What was an indentured servant entitled to at the end of their service?
Freedom dues, land, monies, resources
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The Boston tea party was led by this group of patriots (name the group).
Sons of Liberty
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This American victory in 1777 helped convince France to enter the Revolutionary War as an American ally.
Why?
Battle of Saratoga
They proved that they stood a chance, could form their own nation and were an ally with something to offer.
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$300
What is the most notable common strategy amongst French and Dutch colonizing activity that is distinct from British and Spanish?
Priority for Indigenous relationships to optimize for trade.
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Calvinists believed that you couldn’t do anything to be saved by Jesus or God because?
Everything was already determined. There were those that were elect (saved) and those that weren’t. Displays of productivity and good fortune demonstrated that you were more likely to be one of the elect.
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Identify one reason plantation owners increasingly preferred enslaved African labour over temporary indentured labour in the Chesapeake.
Enslaved labour could be exploited for life, and hereditary enslavement could extend labour control across generations. Changes in the supply and cost of indentured servants and expanding plantation demand also contributed. - Success of tobacco trade made land more desirable to successful plantation owners, meaning that land as freedom dues for indentured servants was more costly to give up.
Following the Boston Tea Party, Britain introduced these punitive laws in 1774, including the closure of Boston's port.
What are the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts?
Passed in 1787, this law established a process for territories to become states and prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.
What is the Northwest Ordinance?
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What is the most distinguishing characteristic of Spanish colonization, and of British colonization?
Spanish colonial projects often emphasized Catholic missions and extraction of wealth gold; English colonists frequently prioritized land and settlement.
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Puritan doctrine compelled all followers to read the Bible because..
Every puritan individual ought to have their own relationship with it
This Puritan leader distinguished between natural liberty and moral or civil liberty in 1645.
John Winthrop
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This British policy of 1763 attempted to restrict colonial settlement beyond a geographic boundary was effectively a cost saving measure. Describe the geographic position of the boundary.
What is the Royal Proclamation of 1763? Roughly north-south along the Appalachian mountains.
Recount 2 old world characteristics not had in early America that positioned it as an emergent nation with high democratic potential.
Lack of entrenched monarchy, hereditary aristocracy, and church.
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When WE look at the fall of Rome today we consider whether climate had anything to do with it, since global warming and climate change are significant matters of concern today. Whereas when people studied the same topic at the time of WW1, they interpreted Rome's downfall in terms of alliances that didn't work out.
This is reflective of which historian’s commentary on history? Explain the demonstrated lesson about interpretations of history.
Who is Howard Zinn? Look at the past through the lens of the present.
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What was most distinctive about Quaker beliefs relative to other growing faiths in the new world? What was the effect?
Pacifism - It brought about better relationships with Indigenous people and effectively more rights and freedoms for minorities.
Which type of nationalism, civic or ethnic, is more associated with high-democratic potential societies? Why?
Civic, because there isn't the precedent of a dominant ethnic group, and minorities remaining, which would naturally have limited representation.
Fill 3 of the 4 blanks below:
A. Both the Dutch and French ___________________
B. Both the Dutch and British ___________________
C. Both the Spanish and French __________________
D. Both the British and Spanish___________________
A. Focused on trade in the new world and relationships with the Indigenous
B. Not catholic
C. Catholic
D. Developed long standing colonial settlemenst