A&P Sciences
Name the regional term for the head and the neck.
cephalic and cervical
Name 5 forms of energy.
Potential, kinetic, chemical, mechanical, heat, electrical, sound, radiant
Name the monomer for Carbohydrates and proteins.
monosaccharides and amino acids.
What step of cellular respiration can be aerobic or anaerobic?
glycolysis
This substance reduces surface tension in the lungs.
Surfactant
Describe an anabolic reaction.
Two or more structures combined to form a larger one. (also synthesis reaction)
Measure of how quickly a reaction takes place, enzymes lower activation energy, which catalyzes reaction rate
Triglycerides, steroids, eicosanoids, phospholipids
Describe denaturation.
unfolding of a protein, makes it useless.
Enzymes need optimal temp and pH to function.
What are the 6 greater/major elements in the human body?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous
What is the peritoneum and where is it located?
two layered serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity.
has outer/inner layer
34 total, 4 are used during respiration so net 30 ATP.
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide monomer?
phosphate group, sugar (pentose), and nitrogenous base
what are the base pairs?
What structures can proteins take in the secondary stage of folding?
alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
It binds to electron carrier in the ETC, makes electrons unable to reach O2 (final acceptor), and ceases ATP production.
Describe positive and negative feedback and an example of each.
positive - same direction as stimulus until a traumatic event; blood clotting, labor contractions, and breastfeeding.
What is the difference between an endergonic and exergonic reaction?
ender - reactants energy less than products - energy is supplied/increased (synthesis reaction)
exer- Reactant energy is more than products, energy released/decreased (decomposition reaction)
What is the difference between glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
lysis - turns glycoge n into glucose as needed
neogensis- forming glucose from noncarb sources.
where is glycogen stored?
What is the difference between a competitive and noncompetitive inhibitor?
competitive- competes with substrate to bind to active site. how does the substrate overcome this?
noncompetitive/allosteric - binds to allosteric site (does not compete w substrate
What is the difference between a thrombus and a embolism?
thrombus - blood clot forms in vein
embolus - blood clot travels until it gets stuck
Name all direction terms (at least 6) using body parts
ex: the arms are ____ to the chest.
superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, proximal, distal, superficial, deep.
Describe a irreversible reaction.
Results in a net loss of reactants and net gain of products (A+B = AB)
What kind of bonds and functional groups make up the structure of a protein? What is an R-group/side chain?
amino acids joined by peptide bonds
N-Terminal - amine group
C-Terminal - carboxyl group
side chains are ways to distinguish amino acids from one another.
How many amino acids are there?
Describe a cofactor?
molecules/helper ions that ensure a reaction takes place.
can be organic - coenzyme
and inorganic - minerals; ex zinc
What are the four methods of physical examination?
inspection - with eyes
palpitation - pressing
percurssion - tapping
auscultate - listening with stethoscope