Newton’s Three Laws
What is Newton's First Law also known as?
Law of Inertia
Conservation of Mass
Created, destroyed
What does pH stand for?
Potential Hydrogen
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Which law explains why you feel pushed back into your seat when a car suddenly accelerates?
Newton’s First Law (Law of Inertia)
According to Newton’s Second Law, if you apply more force to an object, what happens to the object’s acceleration?
Acceleration increases
In a closed system, the mass of the reactants before a chemical reaction is ________ to the mass of the products after the reaction.
Equal
On the pH scale, what number is considered neutral?
7
What are the two main categories of matter?
Pure substances and mixtures
In a chemical reaction, if 10 grams of a substance reacts with 5 grams of another substance, how much product should be produced according to the Law of Conservation of Mass?
15 grams
Newton’s Third Law states that for every action, there is a(n) ___________ reaction.
Equal and opposite
What happens to the mass of a burning log if the ash weighs less than the original log?
The mass is still conserved, but some mass was released as gases (e.g., CO₂, water vapor).
What kind of substance has a pH less than 7?
Acid
What is a mixture?
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded
What is an example of an acid commonly found in household items?
Vinegar (acetic acid), lemon juice (citric acid)
What is the formula associated with Newton's Second Law?
F = ma (Force = mass x acceleration)
What does the Conservation of Mass law imply about balancing chemical equations?
The number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the equation.
What kind of substance has a pH greater than 7?
Base
Name an example of a homogeneous mixture.
Saltwater, air, or alloy
What is the pH of pure water?
7 (Neutral)
Explain why a rocket launches according to Newton’s Third Law.
The rocket pushes down on the ground (action), and the ground pushes back on the rocket (reaction), propelling it upward.
Describe how Conservation of Mass applies in a simple chemical reaction, like combining vinegar and baking soda.
Mass is conserved; although gas (CO₂) is released, the total mass remains the same, including gas and liquid.
Name three items that are acidic
Lemon, Coke, Vinger, ETC
What’s the difference between a compound and a mixture?
A compound is chemically bonded and has a fixed ratio of elements, while a mixture retains the properties of its components and can vary in composition.
How do we classify water: element, compound, or mixture?
Compound