Chemistry
Anything that has mass and takes up space defines...
What is Matter?
A unique property of water is that it can creep up thin tubes, what is this property called?
Capillary Action
What is the monomer for a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
The molecule formed at the end of a chemical reaction using an enzyme is called...
Product
During cellular respiration, energy is released from sugars. How is this energy used to support the formation of complex carbon-based molecules?
A. The energy released during respiration can drive chemical reactions that form amino acids and other complex molecules.
B. Respiration energy is only used for physical movement in the cell.
C. The energy from respiration is used only for breaking down molecules, not for building new ones.
D. Energy from respiration has no role in forming amino acids.
A
List the 3 subatomic particles, their charges, and where they are found in an atom.
Protons- Positive- Nucleus
Electrons- Negative- Orbits
Neutrons- Neutral- Neucleus
Water is a polar molecule, what does it mean to be polar?
Unequal distribution of charges, slightly positive hydrogen and slightly negative oxygen.
A macromolecule that is insoluble in water
Lipids
Lactase breaks down lactose (milk sugar) into galactose and glucose. In this reaction, lactose is the
Substrate
Students placed a container of water in the freezer, noticing that the frozen water expanded and cracked the container. What does this result suggest about water's effect on rock surfaces?
Water expands when it freezes which can break rocks into smaller pieces
Give an example of a solution and identify the solute and solvent.
solute- dissolved
Solvent- dissolving
Water's high specific heat is due to the hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules. Is heat absorbed or released to break these bonds?
Absorbed
Regulates cell processes, forms bones and muscles, and transport materials.
Proteins
Name and describe one of the 2 different types of chemical reactions caused by enzymes.
Synthesis- two reactants coming together to form a single product
Decomposition- one reactant being split into two products.
Sugar molecules (C₆H₁₂O₆) are used in cells to create amino acids and other complex molecules. Which of the following best describes how atoms in sugar molecules contribute to the formation of amino acids?
A. Sugar molecules only provide energy, not atoms, for the formation of amino acids.
B. The carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in sugar molecules can combine with elements such as nitrogen to form amino acids and other large molecules.
C. Sugar molecules can only be broken down into smaller atoms and cannot form amino acids.
D. Sugar molecules form amino acids directly without any other elements.
B
What is the chemical formula for a molecule with 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms?
Bonus (double or nothing): What is its name?
CH4
Bonus: Methane
What bond associate with water is the weakest?
Hydrogen bonds
What are two protein secondary structures?
Alpha helix
Beta pleated sheets
What are enzymes made of?
Polymer: Protein
Monomer: Amino acids
Two marathon runners of similar athletic capabilities are running a marathon. Runner 1 ate a large meal of pasta the night before the race. Runner 2 ate tuna fish and salad. After 100 minutes of the race, one runner is farther ahead than the other runner. Which questions would best describe why the two runners’ meals caused them to run different distances? (Select two of the five questions. )
A. Why do runners use so much energy?
B. How much energy does each dietary component contain?
C. How much of each dietary component did each runner eat?
D. Which dietary components are found in the majority of foods?
E. Why do some foods have more of each dietary component than others?
B
C
If the pH of a substance is 4, what is the pOH?
pOH=10
The reason small polar molecules can easily disperse into your blood stream and travel to other parts of your body. What property of water is this?
Water is a universal solvent
A protein has just been formed in its primary structure. When it folds into a three-dimensional structure, the hydrophobic portions will be found where?
On the inside
What happens when an enzyme is denatured and what bonds does it affect?
It loses its ability to bind correctly with the substrate because the tertiary and secondary structure of the enzyme degrades as the hydrogen bonds are broken.
Humans produce sweat as a cooling mechanism to maintain a stable internal temperature. Which of the following scientific principles best explains how the properties of water contribute to this physiological process?
A) The high specific heat capacity of water allows the body to absorb a large amount of excess heat energy.
B) The high heat of vaporization of water allows the body to remove excess heat through a phase change of water from liquid to gas.
C) The high surface tension of water contributes to the physical process by which water leaves the body.
D) The high melting temperature of water allows the body to remove excess heat through a phase change of water from solid to liquid.
B