Science of Biology
The ___ is the fundamental unit of life.
Cell
What is the function of a ribosome?
Make proteins (site of protein synthesis)
What is an atom? What is it made of?
An atom is the smallest unit that can still retain the properties of a given element. Composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What are the four macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins.
What is the process of releasing the chemical energy stored in sugars?
Cellular respiration
What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
Prokaryote does not contain nucleus or membrane bound organelles and the eukaryotic cell does.
Prokaryote contains nucleoid.
What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond?
Ionic- giving or taking/transfer of electron(s)
Covalent- the sharing of electron(s)
What is denaturization? What causes it?
The unfolding or loss of complex structure of a protein.
Change in temp, pH, etc.
What is the name of the anaerobic process?
Fermentation. (Lactate and Alcoholic)
What is a scientific theory?
A hypothesis that continues to hold up after many years of rigorous testing.
What is a nucleolus?
The dense area inside of the nucleus that produces ribosomes.
What is an isotope? Ion?
An isotope is atom of the same element having the same amount of protons, but different number of neutrons. (Carbon-14 = date fossils)
Ions are elements with positive or negative charges due to the gain or loss of electrons.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Unsaturated- many C=C double bonds (plant fat)
In glycolysis, the sugar gets broken down into what?
Pyruvates- 3 carbon chains.
Name two properties of living things.
Reproduction, Growth and Development, Energy Use, Order, Response to the Environment, Evolution.
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann did what?
Developed the cell theory.
1. All organisms composed of one or more cells
2. Cells are basic unit of structure and function in organisms
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
Describe the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
Hydrophobic does not like water.
Hydrophilic loves water.
What is a monosaccharide? disaccharide? polysaccharide?
Mono- Glucose, fructose
Di- sucrose, maltose
Poly- glycogen, starch, cellulose, chitin
What are the three processes in aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis (cytoplasm), Citric Acid Cycle(Krebs-mitochondrial matrix), and Electron Transport Chain(System- mitochondrial cristae)
What is the hierarchical organization of life order?
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biomes, biosphere.
Endomembrane System
What is specific heat?
The amount of energy a substance requires for a given increase in temperature.
What is a nucleotide composed of?
5 carbon sugar(ribose, deoxyribose), Phosphate group, Nitrogenous base.
What is the total amount of ATP produced in Aerobic respiration?
38 ATP