Song Dynasty
This innovation in printing technology allowed for faster and cheaper production of texts.
What is movable type printing?
This dynasty was the ruling Islamic caliphate at the start of the period 1200–1450.
What is the Abbasid Caliphate?
This religion, deeply tied to caste, remained the dominant belief system in South Asia despite Islamic expansion.
What is Hinduism?
This Mesoamerican civilization built floating gardens, called chinampas, to grow food around their capital city of Tenochtitlan.
Who are the Aztecs (Mexica)?
This ruler of Mali made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324, displaying immense wealth.
Who is Mansa Musa?
This system of loyalty between lords and vassals dominated European politics during the Middle Ages.
What is feudalism?
This invention revolutionized warfare and later spread to the Middle East and Europe.
What is gunpowder?
This Turkic group took control of Egypt and defended it from Mongol invasions.
Who are the Mamluks?
This Turkic Muslim state ruled much of northern India beginning in 1206.
What is the Delhi Sultanate?
This Andean civilization used a system of knotted cords called quipu to record data.
Who are the Inca?
Mali and other West African states traded this precious metal along the Trans-Saharan trade routes.
What is gold?
Kings often relied on these local nobles to provide soldiers and govern land.
Who are lords/nobles?
This innovation expanded trade networks by allowing merchants to avoid carrying heavy coins.
What is paper money?
After the Mongols sacked Baghdad in 1258, this Islamic capital city became the new cultural center of the Abbasid Caliphate.
What is Cairo?
This empire in Southeast Asia grew wealthy by controlling trade through the Strait of Malacca.
What is the Srivijaya Empire?
This staple crop was the foundation of agriculture across the Americas.
What is maize (corn)?
This West African city became a major center of Islamic learning and trade under Mali.
What is Timbuktu?
This series of religious military campaigns attempted to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
What are the Crusades?
This Song-era maritime invention improved navigation across the Indian Ocean.
What is the magnetic compass?
The Delhi Sultanate was established in this South Asian region, marking a major Islamic political presence outside the Middle East.
What is India?
This empire in Cambodia built Angkor Wat, blending Hindu and Buddhist influences.
What is the Khmer Empire?
This large city in North America, located near modern-day St. Louis, was a major Mississippian trade and cultural center.
What is Cahokia?
Mali also traded this important commodity, which came from the Sahara and was essential in preserving and seasoning food.
What is salt?
This 14th-century event killed about one-third of Europe’s population and had major social and economic effects.
What is the Black Death?
The Song Dynasty saw a revival of this philosophy, blending Confucianism with Buddhism and Daoism.
What is Neo-Confucianism?
This Indian crop, introduced to the Islamic world, helped feed a growing population.
What is cotton?
This South Indian kingdom, established by brothers who broke away from the Delhi Sultanate, thrived on Indian Ocean trade and Hindu temple-centered culture.
What is the Vijayanagara Empire?
The Inca used this labor system, requiring communities to work for the state on public projects like roads and terraces.
What is the mit’a system?
This coastal region of East Africa became wealthy from Indian Ocean trade, exporting gold, ivory, and enslaved people
What is the Swahili Coast?
This Christian institution dominated medieval European life, guiding morals, education, and politics.
What is the Catholic Church?
This class of educated officials ran the Chinese bureaucracy.
Who are the scholar-gentry?
This region became the primary source of gold for the Islamic world, fueling trade with Europe and Asia.
What is West Africa?
This massive temple complex in Cambodia was first built for Hinduism but later used for Buddhism.
What is Angkor Wat?
The Aztecs ruled through this type of system, where surrounding states paid goods and labor to the central empire.
What is the tribute system?
This city-state on the Swahili Coast was especially wealthy and influential in Indian Ocean trade.
What is Kilwa?
This philosophy attempted to reconcile faith with reason and became central to medieval European universities.
What is Scholasticism?
During the Song, this region to the south supplied large amounts of rice to China.
What is Vietnam (Champa rice)?
Islamic scholars preserved and translated texts from this ancient civilization into Arabic.
What is Greece?
This Hindu social structure shaped life in South Asia and remained strong despite Islamic expansion.
What is the caste system?
The Mississippians built these large earthen structures for religious, political, and elite residential purposes, demonstrating their complex social hierarchy.
What are platform mounds?
East African merchants on the Swahili Coast mainly traded with merchants from these regions.
What is Arabia, India, and later China?
This philosophy attempted to reconcile faith with reason and became central to medieval European universities.
What is Scholasticism?
This form of Chinese painting emphasized landscapes and harmony with nature.
What is literati (scholar) painting?
This class of non-Muslims in Islamic society paid the jizya tax but were protected under Muslim rule.
Who are the dhimmi (People of the Book: Jews and Christians)?
This South Asian empire was led by Turkic rulers and brought Islam into large parts of northern India starting in 1206.
What is the Delhi Sultanate?
This Spanish conquistador led the expedition that caused the fall of the Inca Empire in the 1530s, claiming vast territories for Spain.
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
This Christian kingdom in the Horn of Africa maintained its religion and traded with Egypt and the Mediterranean, despite surrounding Islamic states.
What is Ethiopia (Solomonic dynasty)?
This Eastern European state, founded by Vikings and centered on trade along the Dnieper River, eventually evolved into Russia.
What is Kievan Rus?