The World in 1750
What is the term for a king or queen who has complete control over their country?
What is Absolute monarchy
Who believed in natural rights: life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
What document declared American independence in 1776?
Declaration of Independence
Which revolution began in 1776 and created a new nation based on Enlightenment ideals?
The American Revolution
A government where a king or queen has complete power.
Absolute monarchy
In 1750, who typically held power in most societies?
What is Monarchs and the nobility
What thinker argued for separation of powers in government?
Montesquieu
What French document, written in 1789, declared "men are born and remain free and equal in rights"?
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Which revolution overthrow the monarchy in 1789?
The French Revolution
Unequal treatment or rights among social classes; it creates resentment and fuels rebellion
inequality
What idea gave kings their authority as chosen by God?
What is Divine Right of Kings
Who argued against the Enlightenment thinkers ideas about government?
King Louis XVI
*Double Jeopardy (double points)* What U.S. document, ratified in 1791, protects individuals' freedoms such as speech and religion?
U.S. Bill of Rights
Which revolution in Latin America was led by Toussaint L'Ouverture?
The Haitian Revolution
The middle class in France (merchants, professionals, business owners)
Bourgeoisie
Name one social class or group that had little or no political power in the 1700s?
What are the Peasants/commoners/Third Estate
What philosopher argued that people are naturally good but are corrupted by society?
Jean Jacque Rousseau
An agreement where people give up some freedoms to a government in exchange for protection of their rights
Social contract
Who led the independence of 5 Latin American countries?
Simon Bolivar
Pride in one nation; Napoleon's conquests spread national identity and resistance movements
Nationalism
Explain how society was structured under the "Estate System" in France?
First Estate (clergy), Second Estate (nobility), Third Estate (commoners - bourgeoisie, peasants, workers)
Who believed that human nature is brutish and selfish and requires citizens to give up their rights to the government?
Thomas Hobbes
How did the "rule of law" influence revolutionaries in the 18th century?
No one, not even monarchs, is above the law; all citizens should be treated equally
*Double Jeopardy (double points* Compare the outcomes of the American and French Revolutions
The American Revolution led to a stable democracy, and the French Revolution led to chaos and Napoleon's rise.
Enlightenment thinkers argued governments should reflect the will of the people, leading to parliaments and elected leaders
representative government