Theories of Development
Who proposed the psychosocial theory of development?
Erikson
What is the strength of observational research?
Real-world behaviors
What are the three stages of prenatal development?
germinal, embryonic, fetal
Which reflex helps feeding?
Rooting/sucking
When does the social smile appear?
2 months
What is Piaget’s stage for infants/toddlers called?
Sensorimotor
What does 'assent' mean?
Child’s agreement to participate
What does the Apgar scale measure?
Newborn’s health
What is the normative age for walking?
What is goodness of fit?
Match between temperament & caregiving
Which theorist emphasizes ecological systems?
Bronfenbrenner
Which method is best for rare cases?
Case study
What is generally considered the age of viability?
24 weeks
What is the A-not-B error?
Search in old spot for hidden object
What are the four attachment styles?
secure, avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized
Which theorist focused on imitation learning?
What is the Hawthorne effect?
Changed behavior when observed
What is a teratogen?
Environmental agent causing harm
What is scaffolding?
Adjusting support to child’s level
What is Erikson’s 2nd stage?
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
What is Vygotsky’s ZPD?
gap between independent & supported ability
Name two ethical principles.
Consent, confidentiality, do no harm, right to withdraw
What is cephalocaudal growth?
Head-to-body direction of growth in a fetus
What type of memory is unconscious & skill-based?
Implicit
What phenomenon did the visual cliff study show?
Social referencing