Bones
What is the rounded end of a long bone called?
What is the epiphysis?
Which muscle closes the eyes?
What is the orbicularis oculi?
Which type of joint allows movement in all directions, such as the shoulder or hip?
What is a ball-and-socket joint?
What does “passive range-of-motion” mean?
The patient receives assistance to move their joint.
Which order correctly shows biological organization from smallest to largest?
Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.
Which bone type is the parietal bone classified as?
What is a flat bone?
According to the sliding filament theory, what happens when a muscle contracts?
Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere.
A patient injures the ligament connecting two bones. What type of injury is this?
What is a sprain?
What type of movement decreases the angle of a joint?
What is flexion?
Why is it important to use directional and regional terms in healthcare?
They allow precise communication about patient anatomy and injuries.
Which structure in long bones contains yellow marrow that stores fat?
What is the medullary cavity?
Which muscle type is striated and involuntary?
What is cardiac muscle?
Which ligament is tested by the valgus stress test at 30° knee flexion?
What is the MCL (medial collateral ligament)?
What does an EMG showing increased electrical activity but decreased force indicate?
Muscle fatigue.
Which pair of directional terms means “closer to” and “farther from” the point of attachment?
Proximal and distal.
Which two types of bone cells are responsible for building and breaking down bone tissue?
What are osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
What is the role of ATP and calcium in muscle contraction?
ATP provides energy for myosin movement, and calcium exposes binding sites on actin.
Which type of cartilage covers the ends of bones and cushions joints?
What is articular (hyaline) cartilage?
During a BMX ride, bending the knees and pushing on pedals primarily uses which joints?
Ball-and-socket joints at the hips and hinge joints at the knees.
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
Coronal (frontal) plane.
What is the first step in the bone repair process after a fracture?
What is the formation of a hematoma?
Which connective tissue layer surrounds an individual muscle fiber?
What is the endomysium?
What’s the difference between an intra-articular and an extra-articular fracture?
Intra-articular involves the joint space; extra-articular occurs outside it.
Circumduction combines which four movements?
Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
What is the correct anatomical position?
Standing upright, arms at sides, palms facing forward.