Native American Societies
Best explains why Native American societies developed different cultural practices before 1492?
They adapted to the unique geographic and environmental conditions of their regions.
Three reasons why did the Europeans start exploring the new world?
Population increased, Political, Desire for luxury goods
Primary Cause, Most Significant Impact
Primary Cause: European maritime exploration and colonization of the Americas
Most Significant Impact: Widespread death caused by diseases such as smallpox
Encomienda System?
A system where the Spanish Crown gave colonists the right to demand labor and tribute from Native people.
who is Bartolome de Las Casas?
A spanish Pope who spoke out strongly against the brutal exploitation of Indians
What role did maize play in the development of Native American societies?
Big role ! Maize (corn) was first domesticated in what is now southern Mexico, and over thousands of years its cultivation spread northward into the American Southwest and other parts of North America.
What were the motivations labeled as the “3 Gs”
God, Glory and Gold
Consequences
90% population loss in some Indigenous areas (due to disease
Caste System?
the caste system was a rigid social hierarchy based on race, ancestry, and birthplace
At the top were the peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain), then criollos (Spaniards born in the Americas), followed by groups of mixed ancestry (mestizos, mulatos, zambos) then Indigenous peoples, and enslaved Africans at the bottom.
Identify major causes and effects of European colonization between 1491‑1607
Economic motives: Desire for new trade routes, new resources
Religious motives: Spread of Christianity and conversion of indigenous peoples.
Political motives: Expansion of national power and competition between European powers (Spain, England, France, Portugal).
Technological advances: Improvements in navigation, shipbuilding, and weapons made long voyages possible.
Population pressures: Growing European populations created demand for new land and opportunities.
How did gender roles differ among Native American societies?
Complementary & Flexible Roles, Political & Spiritual Influence of Women
What were some long‑term economic effects of Spanish colonization in the Americas?
Trade Networks & Colonial Mercantilism, slavery, labor systems
What is the Columbian Exchange?
the widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between the Old World (Europe, Africa, Asia) and the New World (the Americas), beginning after Columbus’s voyage in 1492
How did Native American views of Europeans change after initial contact?( at first, then..)
Peaceful recognizing the value of European goods then turned in to survival of the fittest
Mystery
Add 100 points to your score (not 300)
The introduction of which of the following had the most significant impact on Native American societies after European contact?
European diseases
Who funded Columbus’s first voyage in 1492?
financed by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I of Spain.
How did the Columbian Exchange affect African societies?
It led to the forced migration of millions through the Atlantic slave trade
What arguments did Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda make in justifying Spanish conquest?
arguing that Indigenous peoples were "natural slaves" due to their alleged barbarism and lack of reason.
Agriculture what are the “Three Sisters”?
corn (maize), beans, and squash
Iroquois Confederacy was significant because it
United several tribes into a political and military alliance
Explain how European technological or military advantages contributed to conquest.
Superior Weapons and Armor, Tactical Strategy & Psychological Warfare
ONE impact of the Columbian Exchange on Europe
introduced new crops like potatoes, maize, chocolate, tomatoes
Bartolomé de las Casas is best known for
Advocating for the rights and better treatment of Native Americans
Mystery
give up 100 points to the current lowest score team, if a tie, team loses turn.