Unit 1 A
Buffalo PD, NYPD, and Hamburg PD are all examples of local or _______ law enforcement agencies.
Municipal
A group exhibiting certain values and behavior patterns that distinguish it from the dominant culture.
Sub Culture
Murder, Sexual Assault, and Robbery are all types of _______ crimes
Violent
Testing of prison populations shows that those incarcerated for violent crimes exhibit higher _______ levels. Also used to explain the age crime relationship.
Testosterone
The New York State Troopers and California Highway patrol would be examples of ________ law enforcement agencies
State
Theory that states criminal behavior is based on low self control. A personality trait that is formed before the age of ten.
Self Control Theory
This Amendment protects us against self incrimination.
5th
Rests on the assumption that the way we view ourselves is shaped to a large degree by how we think others perceive us.
Social Psychology
The FBI, CIA, and Secret Service are examples of what type of law enforcement agency?
Federal
This Amendment protects people from unreasonable search and seizure.
4th
Theory that crime is the result of frustration felt by people who cannot reach their personal goals through legitimate means.
Strain Theory
The act of taking something from another person by force, threat of force, or intimidation.
Robbery
Theory based on the belief that individuals have free will to engage in any behavior, including criminal behavior.
Choice Theory
A form of Government in which a written constitution provides for a division of powers between government forms
Federalism
The study of the development and functioning of groups of people who live together within a society.
Sociology
This Amendment protects against excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment,
8th
_______ theory states that before committing a crime, he or she, is weighing the benefits against the cost of the crime.
Rational Choice Theory
Illegal acts carried out by illegal organizations are considered what types of crimes?
Organized Crime
This model of addiction holds that illegal drug users and addicts endanger society with their behavior and should be punished just like other criminals.
Criminal Model of Addiction
Public intoxication, prostitution, and illicit drug use are exaples of what type of crime?
Public Order
States that criminal activity is a learned behavior, a criminal is taught both the practical and psychological aspects of crime.
Learning Theory
The ability of individuals to make decisions based on personal judgement instead of formal rules or official information.
Discretion
Theory that criminal behavior is the result of a combination of biological and environmental risk factors. Example- lead paint.
Neurocriminology
This Amendment grants us five different protections during the trial process, such as the right to an attorney and the right to a speedy public trial.
6th Amendment
This model of addiction believes that addicts are not criminals, but ill individuals who are forced into acts of crime to feed their habits.
Medical Model of Addiction
The act of committing a new crime after a person has already served a punishment for a previous crime.
Recidivism
Focuses on perceptions of criminal behavior rather than the behavior itself. Criminologists believe it then becomes a self fulfilling prophecy.
Labeling Theory
The most common form of correctional treatment is?
Probation
Violation of laws prohibiting the possession, use, distribution, or manufacturing of illegal drugs.
Drug Defined Offenses
Acts of terrorism that take place on U.S. soil without direct foreign involvement are?
Domestic Terror Attacks