Nomadic Life
What were some achievements of the Indus valley civilization?
Urban planning
Sewer systems
Grid pattern streets
Standard brick sizes
Natural air conditioning
Long distance trade
What civilization did most of the Celts assimilate into?
Rome
Describe the geography of Mesoamerica.
Great geographic diversity.
Mountain ranges break up the region into microenvironments.
These include the temperate climates, rainforests, highlands, dry, scrub forests.
Which religion arrived in China from India and heavily influenced the Chinese way of life and art?
Buddhism
What dynasty took control after the fall of the Qin? How long did they last?
Han dynasty; 400 years
What were positives and negatives to the development of farming and civilization?
Positives:
Surplus of food
Settled villages
Advanced technology
Negatives:
Spread of disease
Inequality
Environmental degradation
What were the Hittites the first to do?
Use Iron
Describe the geography of the Andean region of South America
Diverse geographically.
Mountainous core, arid coastal plain, dense interior forests.
The geography was also challenging to human populations.
Describe the relationship between the caste system, reincarnation, dharma, karma and moksha?
Reincarnation happened after your death in your previous life and what you were reincarnated as depended on your karma from your last life. Being reincarnated means being born again. Moksha is total fulfillment. Dharma are your religious duties
Which dynasty won the Warring States Era? Who was their leader?
Qin dynasty; Shi huangdi
Not all peoples turned to farming. Some stayed in the nomadic life style. Where did most of these nomads live? How did they interact with settled peoples? What did settled peoples learn from the nomads?
Central Asian steppe
Sometimes raided, other times they traded
Settled peoples learned better horse riding, bows and arrows, horse breeding, use of the chariot, saddle and stirrup
What were tactics used by the Assyrians to rule their empire?
Divided into provinces
Superior military technology
Deportation
Terror tactics
List Mayan achievements.
Carved decorations and painted bright colors - without the use of the wheel or metal tools.,
created an accurate calendar system,
concept of zero,
had both whole words and concepts,
scribes recorded many things
Math and writing provided the foundation for the calendars and astronomical observations.
How did the Persians organize their empire?
Into 20 different provinces, and had a governor, a satrap, of each province
What was the reason for people switching from a forager lifestyle to a sedentary agricultural lifestyle?
Climate change caused a decline in food supply so they were looking for a steady supply of food
What were some early innovations that helped the first farmers?
Domesticating plants and animals
Plows
Wheel
Use of metal
Irrigation channels, canals, shaduf
How did transportation change during the Iron Age?
Began using horses, camels
Began using chariots for warfare
What are some ways in which people of the Andes adapted to their environment?
Created an accurate calendar to time planting and harvesting
Domesticated frost resistant varieties of potatoes and grains
Terraced farming
Domesticated the llama
Learned to use the cold, dry climate to produce freeze dried vegetables and meat products that prevented famine when crops failed
What empire emerged out of the Eastern Roman Empire?
Byzantine empire
What religion was introduced by the Persians?
Zoroastrian
List characteristics of the Paleolithic Era
hunter/gatherer
Foraging
Simple stone tools and technology
Small, nomadic bands
Migration from Africa
Cave paintings
Begin believing in after life
Early science centered on practical skills of finding and preparing food and materials for tools
No social hierarchy
No patriarchy
What was the Eurasian steppe a conduit for?
products such as wheat and technologies, including bronze and iron metalworking, and cavalry warfare, traveled from western and Central Asia to eastern Asia
What are some ways in which people of Mesoamerica adapted to their environment?
By farming which (with a surplus of food) led to specialization and urbanization, contacts across environmental boundaries led to trade and cultural exchanges, and finally, enhanced trade increased agricultural productivity and rising populations created the conditions for social stratification.
What were some achievements of the Gupta Empire
Math
Concept of zero
Decimals
Negative numbers
Pi
Medicine
Herbal guides
Science
Earth is round
Calculate orbits and eclipses
Architecture
Hindu and Buddhism temples
Stepwell architecture
What is the term given for the culture created by Alexander the Great?
Hellenistic