Neurology
The pyramidal tract is responsible for voluntary or involuntary movements?
Responsible for voluntary movements
What is the most severe kind of Spina Bifida?
Spina bifida meningomyelocele (SBM)
The rhombencephalon develops in to the:
pons, cerebellum, and the medulla oblongata
Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expressions and sense of taste?
FAcial- 7
What occurs during the third week of embryonic development?
Formation of the three primary germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
What muscles does the Hypoglossal Cranial Nerve innervate?
All the intrinsic, and all but one extrinsic muscle in the tongue.
Will all children with spina bifida will have some sort of language deficit?
No. Language deficits in this population are the exception, not the rule. Given this occurs in utero, the brain has shown incredible ability to remap
What is a main function of the Basal Ganglia?
•Its main function is related to motor refinement, preventing unwanted movements to start. Much of this involves reducing the excitatory input to the cerebral cortex. This prevents excessive and exaggerated movements.
How can a Speech-Language Pathologist's (SLP) own culture potentially impact the services they provide to clients from diverse cultural backgrounds?
It may result in potential biases or misunderstandings that can affect the therapeutic relationship and outcomes.
What are some potential effects of chronic stress on children's development?
Increased risk of developmental delays and physical conditions
What is Neurulation?
Neurulation refers to the folding process in embryo stage- it is the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube
If a language impairment occurs in a child with spina bifida, what is likely the deficit related to?
◦Conversation/pragmatics: lacks content and gist; verbose, and fails to convey central information to the listener.
◦Fluency, pronouns, conjunctions, connected speech production: strength
Pragmatics, syntactic complexity, cohesive messages: weakness
What are four etiologies for birth defects?
1.Genetic
2.Chromosomal
3.Infection
4.Exposure to toxins, medications
The social determinants of health significantly impact early childhood development and well-being. Which of the following social determinants is most likely to have a positive influence on a child's health during their early years?
1) Access to high-quality early childhood education programs.
2) A lack of access to affordable healthcare services.
3) Living in an environment with high levels of air pollution.
4) Limited access to recreational activities and adult interactions.
1) Access to high-quality early childhood education programs.
According to Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory, what is the difference between long term and short-term orientation?
The long-term orientation vs. short-term orientation dimension considers the extent to which society views its time horizon.
In week 3 of embyonic development, what layer becomes the neural tube?
Ectoderm
Is vocabulary is a relatives strength or weakness in children with Spina Bifida?
Strength
What part of the brainstem is responsible for controlling heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure?
Medulla Oblongata
How can social determinants of health, such as access to healthcare and family income, affect a student's academic performance?
1) They have no significant influence on academic performance.
2) They can lead to improved study habits and time management skills.
3) They may create barriers to learning and contribute to achievement gaps.
4) They primarily impact a student's physical health but not academic outcomes.
3) They may create barriers to learning and contribute to achievement gaps.
Difficulties in motor control, specifically coordination and fine motor skills, are an indication of an impairment in what area of the brain?
Basal Ganglia
What is the precentral gyrus important for? Where is it located?
Precentral gyrus- It runs parallel to the central sulcus and extends to the precentral sulcus.[1] The primary motor cortex is located within the precentral gyrus and is responsible for the control of voluntary motor movement.
The brainstem is a crucial part of the central nervous system responsible for various vital functions. Which of the following is NOT a primary component of the human brainstem?
1) Medulla oblongata
2) Pons
3) Midbrain
4) Cerebellum
4) Cerebellum
Alicia is a college student who struggles with time management skills. She is constantly concerned about meeting deadlines but doesn't allocate the time needed to complete them. Because of this, she has been falling behind in all of her classes for months, causing her to feel anxiety. What is Alicia experiencing the effects from?
Allostatic load