All Things Cells
One type of endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to its surface and is primarily involved in making and transporting proteins. The other lacks ribosomes and is involved in making lipids and detoxifying certain substances.
What are the rough ER and smooth ER?
A plant's leaves appear green because this pigment absorbs many wavelengths of light but reflects green light.
What is chlorophyll?
A plant cell is placed in a solution with a much higher solute concentration than the cell. After several minutes, the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall.
What is the process causing the cell to lose water?
What is osmosis?
A marathon runner needs a molecule that can provide rapidly available energy during exercise. Which macromolecule would be most directly broken down?
What are carbohydrates?
A plant's chloroplasts are destroyed. Which process would be most directly affected?
What is photosynthesis?
A cell has DNA, ribosomes, a cell membrane, and cytoplasm but lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Fill in the blanks to complete the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis:
_____ + _____ → _____ + _____
What are carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen?
A plant cell is placed in a solution and its membrane pulls away from the cell wall as water leaves the cell. This occurs because the surrounding solution has a higher solute concentration.
What is a hypertonic solution?
A molecule contains amino acids linked by peptide bonds and folds into a specific shape that allows it to perform a cellular function.
What is a protein?
A student places a drop of food coloring into a beaker of water. Without stirring, the color gradually spreads throughout the water because particles move from an area of higher concentration toward areas of lower concentration.
What is diffusion?
A student observes that one structure provides rigid structural support and helps maintain a cell's shape, while another structure is selectively permeable and controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What are these two structures, respectively?
What are the cell wall and cell membrane?
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide provides the carbon atoms that are ultimately incorporated into this energy-rich product.
What is glucose?
A cell uses ATP (energy) to move sodium ions from an area where they are less concentrated to an area where they are more concentrated.
What is active transport?
A student says, “Because enzymes speed up reactions, enzymes are a type of carbohydrate that provides energy to the cell.”
What are proteins?
A cell contains 70% water, while the surrounding solution contains 90% water. The membrane allows water to cross but not the solute. Water moves into the cell.
What is a hypotonic solution?
A protein has been produced by a ribosome and transported through the endoplasmic reticulum. Before the protein can be shipped to its final destination, it must be modified, sorted, and packaged by this organelle.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
A plant's stomata close during a period of drought. This prevents excessive water loss but also reduces the amount of this reactant (input) entering the leaf.
What is carbon dioxide?
A cell is placed in a solution with the same solute concentration as the cytoplasm. Although water continues moving across the membrane, there is no net change in water movement.
What is an isotonic solution?
A cell membrane contains molecules with a water-attracting region and a water-repelling region. These molecules form the basic structure of the membrane.
What are phospholipids?
A cell contains damaged organelles and cellular waste that need to be broken down and recycled. The organelle containing digestive enzymes that performs this function is this.
What are lysosomes?
A pancreatic cell produces large amounts of proteins that are secreted from the cell. This organelle would be especially abundant because it is involved in producing those proteins and folding them.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A student says, “Oxygen is an input of photosynthesis because plants need oxygen to make glucose.”
Explain your reasoning.
What is false because carbon dioxide and water are the major reactants used to produce glucose and oxygen?
A cell contains 20% solute and 80% water. It is placed in a solution containing 5% solute and 95% water. The cell membrane allows water to cross but does not allow the solute to cross. After several minutes, the cell becomes swollen.
What is the movement of water across the membrane called, and what type of solution surrounds the cell?
What is osmosis in a hypotonic solution?
A scientist discovers a molecule that contains C, H, O, N, and P and is composed of repeating units containing a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. The molecule is involved in storing or transmitting genetic information.
What are nucleic acids?
A substance moves from an area of low concentration to high concentration through a membrane protein. Because the movement is against the concentration gradient, the cell must provide this.
What is energy (ATP)?