Plant Cells
What carbohydrate is produced during photosynthesis?
Glucose
Primary growth is growth in _____________ ; secondary growth is growth in ______________
Length; width
Where on the leaf are stomata most concentrated?
Fibrous forms a dense mat of thinly branching roots. A tap root features a primary root that is thick and digs deep into the soil.
What is a vascular bundle?
List the four unique structures found in plant cells (but not animal cells)
Name the two types of vascular tissues and what they transport.
Phloem - food
What is the epidermis?
Plant skin. Outer layer of protective tissue. Helps retain water.
What are the three primary functions of roots?
Anchor, store, absorb
What is a radicle?
The first root that emerges from a seed
How do we classify different types of carbohydrates?
Based on how many individual sugar molecules are linked together.
What are the three steps of transpiration?
1. Water is absorbed by the roots
2. Water travels up the stem via the xylem
3. Water escapes from the open stomata on the leaves
Why do we prune “suckers” off of tomato plants?
To redirect energy towards developing flowers & fruit
Provide two examples of modified stems.
Tendrils, spines, thorns, runners, stolons, underground stems (tubers, rhizomes, corms, bulbs)
What do corms, bulbs, tubers and rhizomes all have in common?
They are modified underground stems (some tubers are roots). Their purpose is to store nutrients.
Explain the relationship between turgor pressure, the large central vacuole, and the overall appearance of a plant.
When the LCV is full of water, turgor pressure is high and the plant is perky.
When the LCV is empty, turgor pressure is low and the plant is wilted.
What are the four tissue systems in plants?
Meristematic, Vascular, Ground, Dermal
What is the specialized meristem found in grasses?
Intercalary meristem
What type of leaf arrangement does bibb lettuce have?
Basal rosette
Draw a picture of an opposite and an alternate leaf arrangement on the board.
You got it!
Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Chloroplasts do photosynthesis to produce glucose.
Mitochondria do cellular respiration to break that glucose down and release ATP (energy for the cell)
Ground tissues make up the bulk of the plant and contain cells that perform many different functions. Name a few.
List the 3 types of meristems, describe their locations, and indicate which growth pattern they are associated with (primary vs. secondary)
Apical meristem, tip of the central leader (and the tip of each root), primary growth
Axillary bud, located above the node, primary growth
Lateral meristem, located throughout the plant stem (and tap root if there is one), secondary growth
Explain the difference between a simple and a compound leaf.
A simple leaf is one singular leaf blade attached to a petiole.
A compound leaf is made up of several leaflets attached to a rachis.
What are the three primary features of leaf anatomy?
Epidermis, mesophyll, venation/vascular tissues