Exam
Colonial economic
system based on the
belief that colonies
existed to enrich their
mother countries
emcomienda system
Hierarchical social
system based on race and
class
caste system
Strategy used by wealthy
Creole independence
leaders in Spanish
America that constructed
an American identity
based on place of birth
that othered the foreign
Spanish
creile elite "juntas"
18th century philosophy
that emphasized personal,
civil, and political
liberties, reason over
superstition, progress,
and laissez faire
economics
enlightenment philosophy
General principle that
men are the heads of
households and gives
men authority over
women
patriarchy
Form of cultural,
political, and economic
domination that relies on
consent from the
dominated
hegemony
Centuries long military
campaign to “reconquer”
Iberia and expel the
Muslim “invaders”
reconquesta
Land, resource, and
labor grants the Spanish
Crown awarded to
conquistadors for their
service to the Crown
Blending of two or more
cultural traditions to
create one, new cultural
tradition
overt blending
Rotational labor service
used under the Inca
Empire and adopted by
the Spanish to regulate
indigenous labor in the
mines
repartmiento system
What motivated the
European kingdoms to
embark on the Age of
Exploration?
trade routes/ luxury items to trade
What challenges do
historians face when
attempting to study native
American societies before
the Encounter with the
Europeans?
brutality/ humanity diversity
What was the first
successful independence
movement in Latin
America?
10 year war
What group occupied
the top of the Spanish
American caste system?
penislares
What Atlantic
Revolutions influenced
independence movements
in Spanish America?
enlightenment
In what type of society
did most sub-Saharan
West and West Central
Africans live in the 15th
century?
imperial
What was the goal of the
Bourbon Reforms in the
European colonies in the
Americas?
more royal control of American possessions
How did the experience
of the Reconquista
change the culture and
society of the Iberian
kingdoms?
confirmed supremacy of catholic faith
What characteristics do
semi-sedentary societies
possess?
north america/ amazon with seasonal nomadic hunting/ gathering
What was the most
important resource to the
Spanish empire in 16th, 17th,
and 18th centuries the
Americas?
gold
What Iberian colony in
the Americas became the
FIRST major destination
for enslaved Africans
brought through the
transatlantic slave trade?
slave at seville
What new forms of
resistance to the
institution of slavery
opened for enslaved
Blacks and Africans
during the independence
wars?
escape/ armies for manumission
What factors contributed
to the rise of the
transatlantic slave trade in
the 16th century?
laborer, ivory gold/trade
How did the 1542 New
Laws alter indigenous
tribute?
gradully abolish slavery then create repartimiento