Experimental Design
An unmanipulated group kept under natural conditions to provide a baseline for comparison.
Control Group
Factors kept completely identical across all test groups to prevent confounding results.
Constants (Controlled Variables)
A physical, functional, or working model built to test a design configuration and collect real-world performance data.
Prototype
The standard base metric unit used to measure the physical volume of a fluid.
Liter
Descriptive, sensory observations regarding characteristics like color, texture, or odor without numbers.
Qualitative Data
The factor intentionally changed or manipulated by the experimenter.
Independent Variable
A real-world limitation, restriction, or boundary imposed on a design solution, such as cost, time, material availability, or weight limits.
Constraint
The standard base metric unit used to measure the mass of an object
Gram
Numerical measurements, counts, or values obtained through objective tracking tools.
Quantitative Data
The measured outcome or response that changes in response to the independent variable.
Dependent Variable
A specific performance goal, requirement, or success target that an engineered design must satisfy.
Criterion
A metric prefix denoting one-thousandth (10⁻³) of a base unit.
Milli-
The total number of individual subjects or trials tested within an experimental setup to ensure data reliability.
Sample Size
Plotted on the x-axis.
Independent Variable
Giving up one benefit or quality in order to get a different one that is more important.
Trade-off
A metric prefix denoting one-hundredth (10⁻²) of a base unit
Centi-
A logical conclusion or explanation derived from data patterns combined with background biological knowledge.
Inference
Plotted on the y-axis.
Dependent Variable
Making small, specific changes to improve a design based on test results.
Refinement
one-thousandth of a milli- unit.
Micro-