Before Columbus
This term describes the original peoples of a region before colonization.
What are Indigenous peoples?
This English explorer sponsored the Roanoke colony during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
Who was Sir Walter Raleigh?
This joint-stock company founded Jamestown to seek profit and establish an English foothold in North America.
Before the United States existed, slavery was found in many societies around the world and affected people of many backgrounds. What larger idea does this describe?
What is slavery as a global institution?
What were the three regions of the thirteen colonies?
New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies.
This Norse settlement in Newfoundland provides archaeological evidence that Vikings reached North America before Columbus.
What is L’Anse aux Meadows?
This economic idea encouraged European nations to establish colonies to increase their wealth and power.
What is mercantilism?
Jamestown’s location offered deep water and protection from attack, but the settlement also suffered from unsafe water and swampy land.
What is the James River?
This early African resident of Virginia gained freedom, acquired land, went to court, and became a successful property owner.
Who was Anthony Johnson?
Which colony was founded by William Penn as a refuge for Quakers and other religious groups?
What is Pennsylvania
This exchange moved foods such as potatoes, corn, tomatoes, and cacao from the Americas to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
When John White returned to Roanoke in 1590, he found that the settlement was empty and this word had been carved into a tree.
What is Croatoan?
This leader brought greater order to Jamestown by requiring settlers to work and helping organize trade.
Who was John Smith?
This man worked for Anthony Johnson and later claimed that his service contract was finished.
Who was John Casor?
Which colony was founded partly to serve as a buffer against Spanish Florida?
What is Georgia
Founded by Spain in 1565, this settlement in Florida became the oldest continuously inhabited European-established city in the present-day United States.
What is St. Augustine?
Roanoke was difficult to establish because the settlers had too few supplies and depended heavily on these people for food and assistance.
Who are the local Indigenous peoples? or Who are the Manteo?
This deadly winter of 1609–1610 nearly destroyed Jamestown through hunger, disease, and conflict.
What was the Starving Time?
Why was the John Casor court case important in Virginia history?
What is lifetime slavery?
What were the four British folkways described by David Hackett Fischer?
Puritans, Cavaliers, Quakers, and Scotch-Irish.
The Vikings reached North America earlier, but Columbus’s voyages had a greater historical impact because they led to this lasting process involving European settlement, the Columbian Exchange, and the transformation of Indigenous societies.
What is sustained European colonization?
Born in 1587, she was the first English child born in the New World.
Who is Virginia Dare
This crop made Jamestown profitable but also increased the demand for land and labor.
What was tobacco?
Because the records are incomplete, historians infer that Johnson most likely began in Virginia under this status because he later gained freedom, land, and social standing.
What is an indentured servant?
How did the different folkways help create regional differences in colonial America?
They shaped each region’s religion, government, economy, social customs, and community life.