Kinesiology
Kinesiology is the study of what?
Human movement
What are the 3 cardinal planes? What body sections do they separate?
1. SAGITTAL PLANE: LEFT/RIGHT DIVISION
2. FRONTAL PLANE: FRONT/BACK
DIVISION
3. TRANSVERSE (HORIZONTAL) PLANE:
TOP/BOTTOM DIVISION
What 4 categories are included in the skeletal system?
Bones, Ligaments, Tendons, Cartilage
What is the difference between origin and insertion?
Origin: fixed end of the muscle; the
attachment on the bone that
does not move.
Insertion: site of attachment of the
muscle on the bone that
moves.
What is the study of biomechanics?
how forces create motion and movement and derives from physics
The most common low ankle injury-occurs when the ankle rolls inwards, stretching the connecting tissue within the ankle joint. What is this called?
Inversion ankle sprain
What type of bone s inside a tendon where the tendon passes over a joint?
A sesamoid bone.
what type of muscle mover helps coordinate and stabilize the movement? Name one other characteristic of this type of muscle mover:
Stabilizer Muscles
• work to restrict the movement of the joints
involved in the exercise so that the joints
don’t get injured.
• contracts, however, it doesn’t significantly
lengthen or shorten as the primary movers
do
What study of kinesiology involves metabolic processes and how the body responds to exercise?
Exercise Physiology
What type of body motion occurs in the sagittal plane?
What type of body motion occurs in the frontal plane?
Sagittal: flexion/extension
Frontal: abduction/adduction
What are the 4 types of synovial joints? What type of joint would the thumb be considered?
Ball and Socket, Hinge, Saddle, Pivot.
Thumb = Saddle
Explain how every muscle in your body can act as any type of muscle mover.
every muscle in your body can act as any type of muscle mover- it depends on the exercise or movement you are performing
(give examples)
Neurological physiology includes what subjects within kinesiology?
Motor learning and motor control
How many degrees of freedom do the following have?
Ankle:
Hip:
Knee:
Shoulder:
Ankle: 2
Hip: 3
Knee: 1
Shoulder: 3
What is osteoporosis? What are two risk factors associated with osteoporosis?
Increased activity of osteoclasts causing a break down in bone and bones become more fragile. The spongy bone especially becomes more porous.
Risk factors:
1. Lack of exercise
2. Poor diet: Low in Calcium
3. Genetics: Family History
4. Ethnicity: Caucasians and
Asians are more likely to get
osteoporosis
5. Gender: Females more likely
than males
Name and describe the 3 types of muscle actions:
Concentric contraction (shortening)
Eccentric contraction (lengthening)
Isometric contraction (static)
Education University Professor, PE Teacher
Rehabilitation Physical Therapist, Speech Therapist,
Occupational Therapist
Healthcare Athletic Trainer, Exercise Physiologist,
Sports Med Physician, Orthopedic Surgeon,
PA, Chiropractor
Research Kinesiology Researcher, Data Science
Sports/Exercise Strength and Conditioning Coach, Personal
Trainer, Sports Coach, Fitness Instructor
Identify if the following characteristics are open or closed chain motion?
Linear stress pattern
Isolated joint motion
Often non-functional
Both segments move simultaneously
Linear stress pattern = closed
Isolated joint motion = open
Often non-functional = open
Both segments move simultaneously = closed
What is the difference between osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis?
OSTEOARTHRITIS: Trauma, wear, & tear with inflammation within the joint
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: Autoimmune disease:
body’s immune system attacks its own joints
which causes bone erosion/deformity
Give examples of 3 different type of sports injuries and what occurs when you get them:
Pulled muscles - muscle fibres are stretched or torn
Pulled tendon -more common than pulled muscle
Tendonitis - Inflamed tendon ex. tennis elbow or pitcher’s elbow
Sprain - ligaments in a joint are torn or overstretched
Cartilage injury - cartilage at the end of the bone gets torn, and breaks up
Dislocation - bones in a joint move apart or out of line, so they no longer work
Shin Splints - medial tibial stress syndrome -inflammation of the muscles, tendons around the tibia.
Fracture - Clavicle, Wrist and Ankle. Plaster casts can be made to support the broken bone, giving it support while it heals and is reset in the correct position.