Acids & Bases
How do we determine a substance as acidic?
hydrogen ions release H+
What is difference between mass and volume?
Mass is the amount of matter in object and volume is the amount of space object takes up
What is the difference between property and change?
properties are characteristics (describes the matter) and changes (something is happening to the matter...can change apperance)
Solutions are what types of mixtures?
homogeneous
On a solubility graph, how do we determine if a solution is saturated?
If our plot fall directly on the slope (line) of the solute
How do we determine a substance as alkaline?
hydroxide ions release OH-
What is Charles' Law and example?
As the temperature increases, the volume of the gas increases...balloon or tire in cold vs hot temps
Give an example of a chemical change.
answer varies: Photosynthesis, Vinegar and Baking Soda, Wood burning, etc.
How does temp affect solubility?
when it increases, solubility increases (or opposite)
See graph: classify solubility of 80 g KCl at 70 °C
supersaturated
List 2 properties of acids and 2 of bases?
Answers vary:
What is pressure?
When the particles are colliding against the walls of the container, they exert a force on the sides.
When dry ice (CO2) sublimes or when water vapor condenses to droplets, what type of change is that?
physical
Name the substance known as an universal solvent?
water
See graph: 80 g NaNO3 at 30 °C
unsaturated
How do strong acids and strong bases compare?
answer varies: corrosive, conduct electricity, harmful
What is Boyle's Law & example?
When the volume of the container decreases, the pressure increases or opposite...soda can when its closed vs open
Name 3 phase changes (when a substance goes from one physical state to another) that occur when thermal energy is increasing?
Melting, Vaporization (evap or boiling), Sublimation
Give 1 physical property and 1 chemical property
answer varies: color, a type of measurement, flammability, reactivity, etc
See graph: how many grams of solute must be added to water to form a saturated solution at the given temp K2Cr2O7 at 50 °C
30g of solute
When looking at a pH of a substance at level 1 versus level 2, how does the strength change?
From one level to the next, the strength is magnified tenfold (so at level 1 a substance would be 10 times as acidic compared to level 2 substance)
What is Gay-Lussac's Law?
temperature increases, the collision of the particles increase causing the pressure to increase...pressure cooker or aerosol can in car
Name 3 phase changes (substance changes from one physical state to another) that occur when thermal energy is decreasing?
Condensation, freezing, deposition
What has a definite volume, but no definite shape?
liquids
What mass of KCl would be needed to form a saturated solution if the KCl was dissolved in 400 mL of water at 80 °C?
204g (51g x 4)...will also accept 208g (52g x 4)