Gas Exchange and Cellular Respiration
Where does cellular respiration take place (which organelle)?
The mitochondria
What causes muscle fatigue?
What is normal body temperature for adults?
37°C or 98.6° F
This organ is primarily responsible for osmoregulation in mammals, filtering blood and creating urine.
The kidneys
What happened to the marathon runner?
The marathon runner became very sick and disoriented during the second half. When she went home, she became very ill and disoriented, eventually ending up in a coma.
What are the inputs and outputs needed for cellular respiration to take place?
Inputs: Oxygen and Glucose
Outputs: Carbon Dioxide, ATP, and Water
What hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
Insulin
What is hyperthermia?
Hyperthermia occurs when a person's body temperature rises abnormally high due to prolonged exposure to extreme heat.
The process of how water moves from an area of lower concentration to a higher concentration.
Osmosis
How does water intake affect urine?
Higher water intake results in more urine produced, and it is clear/light in color.
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
How does eating affect blood glucose?
Eating raises blood glucose levels.
What does the prefix "Therm" mean?
Relating to heat or temperature
What happens to cells in a hypotonic solution?
In plants, gas exchange occurs during the day primarily due to this process, opposite of cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis
In plants, this structure opens to allow gas exchange, primarily during photosynthesis.
The stomata
Where is glucagon produced, and what does glucagon do to blood glucose levels?
The pancreas produces glucagon, and it raises blood glucose levels when they are too low.
When body temperature rises above normal, what happens to the blood vessels in the skin?
Blood vessels dilate to release heat.
What is hyponatremia?
Hyponatremia is a condition in which sodium levels in the bloodstream are low due to increased water intake and little to no urination.
Gills
Describe how humans exchange gases with the environment.
Describe how blood glucose is regulated in the body. (feedback mechanisms)
When we eat, blood glucose levels rise, and the pancreas releases insulin. This lowers blood glucose levels back to normal. When blood sugar levels drop (between meals or during exercise), the pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon raises blood glucose levels, ensuring that the body has enough energy.
Describe how body temperature is regulated. (feedback mechanisms)
When body temperature rises, the sweat glands produce sweat, and the blood vessels dilate to release body heat. Body temperature drops toward normal. When body temperature drops, blood vessels constrict and muscles contract, triggering shivering. Body heat is conserved, and body temperature rises toward normal.
ADH is a hormone released by the brain that triggers thirst and the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
Which solute(s) (salts, glucose, or urea) stay the same in the blood both in and outside of the kidney, regardless of the water intake of the person exercising?
Glucose