Cells & Organelles
This organelle is known as the control center of the cell and contains the chromosomes.
What is a mitochondria?
This tissue type covers body surfaces and lines internal pathways (skin, glands)
What is epithelial tissue?
DNA is shaped like this — a twisted ladder. What is the technical term?
What is the Double helix?
Anatomical position: body is straight, feet slightly apart, thumbs pointed _______ from body.
What is AWAY
The dorsal body cavity contains these two major structures.
What is the BRAIN and the SPINAL CORD.
This organelle converts food into ATP and is often called the “powerhouse” of the cell.
Name the body system whose main function is to fight infection and return fluid to the bloodstream
What is the immune system/ lymphatic system.
In DNA base pairing, A always pairs with which base.
What is T?
The wrist is _______ to the elbow. (use the correct directional term)
What is DISTAL
Name the three major divisions of the ventral body cavity
What is the THORACIC, ABDOMINAL, and PELVIC cavity?
Name two organelles involved in protein synthesis and transport within the cell.
What are the Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (especially rough ER). Golgi apparatus also involved in processing/packaging.
Which tissue type conducts electrical impulses and makes up the brain and spinal cord?
What is Nervous tissue?
During transcription, DNA is transcribed into this molecule which leaves the nucleus.
Give the anatomical terms that mean: toward the head and away from the body surface. (two words)
What is SUPERIOR and DEEP
The double-layered membrane that lines ventral cavities is called the _______. Name its inner and outer layers
Serosa (serous membrane); inner = visceral serosa; outer = parietal serosa.
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes used to break down waste and old organelles?
What is the lysosome.
List three major organs of the digestive system
What is the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder
Starting at the 'START' codon, these adapter molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
If you slice the body into left and right halves down the midline, that plane is called the _______ plane
What is the median/ midsaggital?
Which serous membranes surround the heart? (give both visceral and parietal names)
Visceral pericardium (inner) and parietal pericardium (outer).
Contrast transcription and translation — give one key step that happens in each process and state where in the cell each occurs.
Transcription: DNA → mRNA in nucleus; Translation: mRNA → polypeptide at ribosome in cytoplasm.
Describe the difference between proximal/distal and medial/lateral using an example for each
Proximal/distal — along limbs (shoulder proximal to wrist; wrist distal to elbow). Medial/lateral — relative to midline (nose medial to eyes; ears lateral to eyes)
Explain why body cavities and serous fluid are important for organ function (give two reasons)
Cavities protect organs from shock/impact and allow room for expansion/movement; serous fluid reduces friction so organs move smoothly during breathing, heartbeat, digestion.