History of Food Science
Name an example of something found in foods during the Industrial Revolution time period.
Horse liver in coffee
Rocks in pepper
What is a sensory evaluation?
Using the 5 senses (taste, smell, sound, feel and appearance) to analyze food
If a recipe calls for 250 milliliters (mL) of milk, how many liters (L) is that?
250/1000=
0.25 L
If you use a sponge to wipe up raw egg and then use that same sponge to wipe a "clean" counter, which of the 4 Cs have you violated?
Combat cross-contamination
What type of hazard is Salmonella bacteria?
Biological hazard
Why did early people need to use drying or salting methods on their food?
To preserve food (help prevent it from spoiling)
Smell and taste
If a crate of apples weighs 22 lbs, how many kilograms is that?
22lbs/2.2=
10kg
Bacteria grow fastest between 40°F and 140°F. Which of the "4 Cs" is specifically designed to keep food out of this temperature range?
Chill
What type of hazard is a stray staple from a food box?
Physical hazard
How did the Industrial Revolution change the way a family in the 1800s got their dinner compared to a family before the revolution?
Families changed from producers (growing and preserving their own food) to consumers (buying it at the store or factory).
If a student refuses to try a "veggie burger" simply because they hate the word "veggie," what psychological influence are they experiencing?
Taste bias
Is it more accurate for a food scientist to weigh flour in grams or measure it in cups?
Weigh in grams
Measuring cups can be inconsistent because flour can fluff up or be packed in.
When we talk about the "Cook" stage of the 4 Cs, what is the "magic number" (internal temperature) to ensure pathogens are killed?
165 degrees F
What type of hazard is bleach residue on a prep table?
Chemical hazard
1. Food discoveries of early people
2. Invention of modern machines
3. Government regulation to keep food safe
If you make a face or a noise when tasting something, it could influence someone else not to like it. What is this an example of?
Psychological Influences
If 1 lb is equal to 16 oz, how many ounces are in 12kg?
12kg x 2.2= 26.4 lbs
26.4lbs x 16oz = 422.4 oz
1. Clean
2. Combat cross-contamination
3. Cook
4. Chill
Why is it dangerous to thaw a frozen turkey on the kitchen counter overnight? Which of the 4 Cs does this specifically violate?
Outside of the turkey reaches a temperature that allows bacteria to grow.
Violates Chill
What's the goal of food science?
To use biology, chemistry, and engineering to ensure food is safe, tasty, and long-lasting
Why do food scientists often use red lighting or colored containers when testing a new soda flavor?
To isolate flavor. They use red lights to hide the color so the person's visual bias doesn't trick them into thinking it tastes different.
You have a recipe that calls for 500g of cocoa powder to make 10 cakes. If you want to make 50 cakes, how many kilograms of cocoa powder do you need to buy?
500g x 5=2500g
2500/1000=2.5kg
Why is a Biological Hazard (like bacteria) often considered more dangerous than a Physical Hazard (like a piece of plastic) in a professional kitchen?
Physical hazards are usually visible.
Biological hazards are invisible and can multiply rapidly, potentially sickening hundreds of people from one batch of food.
You see a tray of cooked sliders sitting on a buffet table at room temperature for 5 hours. Even if the sliders were originally cooked to 165°F, why are they no longer safe and which of the 4 Cs was ignored?
Even though they were cooked safely, bacteria from the air or handling have had 5 hours to multiply to dangerous levels.
The "C" ignored was Chill.