Origins of WWI
What does MANIA stand for?
Militarism. Alliances. Nationalism. Imperialism. Assassination
What was the Schlieffen Plan?
Germany’s plan to quickly defeat France by moving through Belgium, then turn east to fight Russia and avoid a two-front war.
At which battle did Canadians and the Allies first face poison gas?
The Second Battle of Ypres
Who was the Canadian Prime Minister during WWI?
Robert Borden
What was the name of the psychological trauma soldiers experienced during and after WWI?
Shell Shock
Why did Canada automatically enter the war in 1914?
Because Canada was part of the British Empire, it entered the war when Britain declared war
What was “No Man’s Land”?
The dangerous area between enemy trenches filled with mud, wire, and shell holes that was extremely deadly to cross
Who was the strategist behind the Canadian victory at the Battle of Vimy Ridge?
Arthur Currie
What FOUR groups opposed conscription in Canada?
French-Camadians, labourers, farmers, and pacifists
In the treaty of Versailles what was the War Guilt Clause?
Article 231 forced Germany to accept full responsibility for starting the war, forming the legal basis for reparations
How did the alliance system turn a conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia into a world war?
The alliance system forced countries to defend their allies, causing multiple nations to declare war and turning a regional conflict into a global one.
Describe TWO harsh living conditions soldiers faced living in the trenches?
Trench foot, rats, mud and constant water, poor sanitation, mental stress and exhaustion, limited and poor-quality food
Which major battle is known as a “bloodbath”?
The Battle of the Somme
Why was Berlin, Ontario renamed Kitchener in 1916?
Because of anti-German sentiment and pressure to show loyalty to Britain during the war.
How did the return of soldiers affect women workers?
Women were expected to give up jobs to returning men, even though many had proven they were capable workers during the war.
How did militarism increase the risk of war before 1914?
Militarism increased the risk of war because countries built large armies and weapons, making them more prepared and willing to fight.
What TWO things led to the US joining the war?
Unrestricted submarine warfare & the Zimmerman Telegram
How did Canada’s performance in major battles change its reputation during WWI?
Canada gained recognition as a skilled and independent fighting force rather than just a British colony.
How did propaganda increase division in Canada?
It created an “us vs them” mentality, fueled anti-German sentiment, pressured enlistment, and encouraged suspicion of immigrants.
Why did the Canadian Prime Minister leave Versailles to return to Canada?
The Winnipeg General Strike
Why was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand the spark but not a cause of WWI?
The assassination was the spark because it triggered the war, but the deeper long-term causes like militarism, alliances, nationalism, and imperialism had already made Europe unstable.
How did Russia’s exit from WWI affect the Western Front?
Germany no longer had to fight on two fronts, moved troops from the Eastern Front to the Western Front, launched major offensives in 1918, and intensified fighting in the West.
Which Canadian battle had the greatest impact on Canada’s national identity? Defend your choice.
Answers will vary
How did the Wartime Elections Act change voting rights in 1917?
It gave the vote to soldiers and female relatives of soldiers while removing voting rights from many immigrants from enemy nations
What concern did Canada have about joining the League of Nations?
It could force Canada into future conflicts unrelated to its own interests.