Vocab
Define Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass
the nucleus of an atom contains_____?
Protons and neutrons
Why is water considered polar?
The hydrogen and oxygen have different electronegativity values
What bonds are used to link amino acids?
Peptide bonds
Define a monomer
Single building block of macromolecules
Two or more different elements in a fixed ratio
Typically an atom of carbon has 6 electrons, 6 protons and 6 neutrons. An ion would have how many electrons?
More or less than 6
True or false: Hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of the same compound
False: hydrogen bonds form between hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules.
What is the monomer and polymer of proteins?
Amino acids and polypeptides
What is considered the backbone of life?
carbon
Define an ion
An element with a different number of electrons
What is ionic bonding?
The transfer of electrons between atoms
A water glass can be filled to the point where some water is above the rim of the glass why doesn't the water overflow? What two properties?
Cohesion & surface tension
What is the monomer & polymer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccaride/polysaccaride
What are the elements that make up carbs, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids?
CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP
Define polar molecules
Molecules that have a slightly positive charge on one end and a slightly negative charge on the other.
What is covalent bonding?
The sharing of electrons between atoms
Because water can dissolve many ionic and polar substances, it is known by this classic nickname.
The universal solvent
What is the monomer/polymer of lipids?
Fatty acids and triglycerides
What is the difference in function between carbs and lipids?
Carbs=short term storage of energy
Lipids=long term energy storage
Define surfactant
Chemical compound that lowers surface tension
CHNOPS
What are the seven properties of water?
1. Universal solvent
2. pH buffer
3. High specific heat
4. Less dense as a solid
5. Cohesion & surface tension
6. adhesion & capillary action
7. High heat of vaporization
What is the monomer and polymer of nucleic acids
Nucleotides and nucleic acids
What are the eight characteristics of Life?
Made up of cells (DNA)
Highly organized
Grow/develop
Reproduce
Respond to stimuli
Obtain/use energy
Maintain homeostasis
Adapt/evolve