Vocabulary 1
Has a definite shape and a definite volume
Solid
Has a definite volume but no definite shape; takes the shape of its container.
Liquid
Foam picnic coolers keep food cool on a hot day. Is the foam a conductor or an insulator?
Insulator
Transfer of heat from one particle of matter to another within an object or between two objects that are in direct contact.
Conduction
The types of energy involved in using a light bulb are thermal, electrical, and light energy. Put these in the correct order to show the transformations that occur when a light bulb heats up after it is turned on.
Electrical --> Light --> Thermal
Has no definite volume and no definite shape.
Gas
Material that does not conduct heat well; absorbs heat.
Insulator
Bridge joints allow room for the bridge to expand in heat. What might happen if thermal expansion is not considered when building a bridge?
The bridge materials will expand when hot. Without some space built in for movement, the bridge materials could break or rupture.
Type of heat transfer that occurs through the movement of fluids, which can be solid, liquid, or gas.
Convection
A student uses a hand warmer to warm her hands at a football game. She activates it and tucks it into her glove. She holds her hands together, and before long, her hands are warm. How were her hands warmed?
Heat was transferred by conduction, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy.
Material that conducts or transmits heat well.
Conductor
Total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object.
Thermal energy
The specific heats of certain materials are listed below:
Iron - 450 (J/kg*K)
Aluminum - 900 (J/kg*K)
Steel - 502 (J/kg*K)
Glass - 840 (J/kg*K)
Plastic - 2302 (J/kg*K)
Which material requires the highest amount of energy to raise the temperature of 1 kg of material by 1 kelvin?
Plastic
Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
Radiation
Water is unique in that is exists in all 3 states on Earth. What happens to the energy of particles when water vapor begins to cool?
The average kinetic energy decreases.
The expanding of matter when it is heated.
Thermal expansion.
Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Temperature
The specific heats of certain materials are listed below:
Iron - 450 (J/kg*K)
Aluminum - 900 (J/kg*K)
Steel - 502 (J/kg*K)
Glass - 840 (J/kg*K)
Plastic - 2302 (J/kg*K)
Which material requires the lowest amount of energy to raise the temperature of 1 kg of material by 1 kelvin?
Iron
Energy that is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object.
Heat
What is the difference between energy transfer and energy transformation?
Transfer = energy being moved from one object to another.
Transform = energy is changed from one form to another.
Scientific principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Law of Conservation of Energy
Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of material by 1 kelvin.
Specific Heat
In an oven, electrical energy is transformed to thermal energy which cooks the food you put into it, raising the temperature. How does the law of conservation of energy apply to this situation?
Energy is not created or destroyed, it is just transformed and transferred within the oven-food system.
The movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.
Convection Current
The front door of a home is made of steel. When it's warm outside, the door is difficult to open and close because it gets stuck in the door frame. When the weather is cool, the door opens and closes easily. What explains the difference in how the door fits in the frame?
The metal in the door expands when it becomes warm due to an increase in kinetic energy, and contracts when it is cooler.
Thermal expansion.