Water Wonders
This property of water, caused by unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen, allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other.
What is polarity?
This chemical process joins two monomers together by removing a single molecule of water.
What is dehydration synthesis?
Solutions with a pH between 0 and 6 are classified as this, containing a higher concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions.
What are acids?
Enzymes act as biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions by lowering this specific energy threshold.
What is activation energy?
An octopus has this many hearts pumping in its body.
What is three?
This term describes the physical attraction that causes water molecules to stick to other polar surfaces, such as plant xylem cell walls.
What is Adhesion?
The individual monomer of proteins, consisting of a central carbon, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R-group.
What is an amino acid?
Solutions with a pH between 8 and 14 are classified as this, containing a lower concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions.
What are bases?
The specific 3D region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and catalysis occurs.
What is the active site?
Where did Mr. Smith go to college?
What is James Madison University?
Liquid water becomes less dense as it freezes because hydrogen bonds form a stable crystal lattice. As a result, ice does this, insulating aquatic life below.
What is floats (or expands)?
This specific membrane lipid features a hydrophilic glycerol/phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails.
What is a phospholipid?
Because the pH scale is logarithmic (10^x), dropping 2 full pH units down the scale increases the H+ ion concentration by this factor.
What is 100x (10^2)
Extreme temperatures or non-optimal pH levels destroy enzyme activity by unfolding the protein through this process.
What is denaturing?
Bananas are naturally slightly radioactive because they contain high amounts of this essential element.
What is potassium?
Water can absorb or release a large amount of heat energy with only a small change in its own temperature because it possesses a high this.
What is a high specific heat?
The structural carbohydrate found in plant cell walls that humans cannot digest due to its beta-glucose linkages.
What is cellulose?
Biological systems rely on these special chemical systems (such as carbonic acid in human blood) to resist drastic shifts in pH and neutralize strong solutions.
What are buffers?
This type of inhibitor binds directly to the active site, physically blocking the substrate from entering.
What is a competitive inhibitor?
Named after the essential top stone of an arch, it refers to a species—like the sea otter in a kelp forest—whose removal causes an entire ecosystem to dramatically transform or collapse.
What is a keystone species?
During transpiration, water travels upward from plant roots to leaves in a continuous column due to these two water properties working together.
What are cohesion and adhesion (ill accept capillary action)
These three functional components make up every single nucleotide monomer found in DNA and RNA.
What is a phosphate group, a pentose sugar (5-carbon), and a nitrogenous base?
If Solution A has a pH of 3 and Solution B has a pH of 7, Solution A is this many times more acidic than Solution B.
What is 10,000x (10^4)
Unlike competitive inhibitors, noncompetitive inhibitors bind to this non-active site region, changing the enzyme's shape.
What is the allosteric site?
Sharks have been swimming in Earth's oceans for over 400 million years, making them officially older than these ancient land plants.
What are trees?