Unit 1 Text A

technical terms

100

A storage device that uses spinning magnetic disks to store data. It is usually cheaper than an SSD but slower.

一种使用旋转的磁性盘片来存储数据的存储设备。它通常比固态硬盘（SSD）价格更低，但速度更慢。

Hard-Disk Drive (HDD) 硬盘驱动器；机械硬盘

100

A storage device that uses flash memory to store data. It is generally faster, quieter, and more resistant to physical damage than an HDD.

一种使用闪存来存储数据的存储设备。它通常比机械硬盘（HDD）速度更快、运行时更安静，而且更耐受物理损坏。

Solid-State Drive (SSD) 固态硬盘

200

A software application that provides tools for writing, testing, and debugging computer programs.

一种提供用于编写、测试和调试计算机程序的工具的软件应用程序。

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

集成开发环境

300

These pairs are particularly easy to confuse:

CPU vs. RAM vs. SSD/HDD

CPU vs. RAM vs. SSD/HDD

• CPU → processes information
• RAM → temporarily holds information being used
• SSD/HDD → permanently stores information

A simple analogy:

CPU = brain → thinks/processes
RAM = desk → holds what you are currently working on
SSD/HDD = filing cabinet → stores things for later

300

These pairs are particularly easy to confuse:

SQL vs. NoSQL

SQL vs. NoSQL

• SQL → traditionally works with structured, relational data
• NoSQL → offers more flexible ways of storing data, often useful for large-scale or less-structured data

Para.3

200

Translation:

Para.3: The operating system (OS) is a piece of software that manages hardware resources, including CPU scheduling and memory allocation, while providing a stable environment for applications.

操作系统（OS）是一种管理硬件资源的软件，负责CPU调度与内存分配，同时为应用程序提供稳定的运行环境。

300

Linux is highly popular for servers due to its open-source nature. 其中Linux因其开源特性，在服务器领域广受欢迎。

Question: What's the open-source nature?

Open-source nature refers to the characteristic of something—usually software, technology, or educational resources—being openly available for people to access, use, modify, and sometimes redistribute. 它指的是软件、技术或资源具有开放、共享、可修改、可协作开发等特点。

What does “open-source nature” emphasize?

It usually includes several aspects:

• Accessibility—people can access the source code or materials. 可访问性——用户可以访问源代码或相关资源。
• Transparency—users can see how the system works. 透明性——用户可以了解系统是如何运行的。
• Modifiability—users can adapt or improve it. 可修改性——用户可以根据需要修改、调整或改进系统。
• Collaboration—people can contribute to its development. 协作性—— 不同用户或开发者可以共同参与开发和改进。
• Sharing—modified versions may often be redistributed under the relevant license. 共享性——在符合相关开源许可证规定的情况下，用户通常可以分享或再发布修改后的版本。

Para.6

200

Translation:

Para.6: While these measures focus on blocking threats and protecting data, cybersecurity is not merely about restricting unauthorized access; it also enables secure and efficient data flow when the access is authorized.

虽然这些措施重在阻断威胁、保护数据，但网络安全的要义不仅在于限制未授权访问，更在于实现合法访问时数据的安全高效流动。

Para.8

200

Translation:

Para.8: Cloud-based collaboration suites and project management tools have largely replaced printed memos and in-person meetings, enabling distributed teams to co-edit documents in real time and work efficiently.

基于云的协同办公套件和项目管理工具已基本取代纸质备忘录和线下会议，使分布各地的团队能够实时协同编辑文档，高效开展工作。