First Natives
The cold name of the era or time period when the first humans crossed into North America
the Ice Age
A farm on which a single crop is grown on a large scale and requires a lot of human labor.
Plantation
This event led by the Pope encouraged a new desire for exploration
the Crusades
The original destination of Christopher Columbus when he set sail in 1492.
Asia
What was the name of the land bridge connecting Asia to North America?
Beringia
The establishment of distant settlements controlled by the parent country.
Colonization
The ________ trade was established for hundreds of years in Africa prior to contact with the Europeans. It consisted of captured prisoners of war or convicts and criminals
slave
The country that agrees in 1492 to send Christopher Columbus on a voyage to find a shorter water route to Asia
Spain
The first humans to cross into North America were ______, meaning that they did not settle down and were always moving around following their food source.
nomadic
The widespread movement of crops, animals, disease, culture, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Columbian Exchange
In 1471, this European country first sailed down the African coast and made contact with the people of West Africa
Portugal
This was a class system in Europe that consisted of the church, the wealthy, and nobility near the top, with serfs and peasants near the bottom.
hierarchy
The name of the tribe of Native Americans that Christopher Columbus first encounters in the New World
Taino
This ancient native tribe was known for its elaborate and accurate calendars based on the positioning of the stars.
Maya or Mayans
An imaginary vertical line drawn in the Atlantic to divide the world.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Three powerful kingdoms of West Africa in the 1400s include Songhai, Benin, and ________.
Kongo
This is a navigational device that was used to help sailors determine direction; it always indicates which way North is
Compass
_______ was the biggest cause of death among Native Americans after 1492.
disease
In order to survive in a variety of climates and geographic landscapes, Native American tribes all had to _______ to the environment around them.
adapt
A vast network of trade routes that created many commercial centers in northern Africa.
Sahara Highway
Portuguese prince who set up a school for sailors and sponsored some of the earliest explorers
Prince Henry the Navigator